How to format your references using the Silicon citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Silicon. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Verdin E (2015) NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science 350:1208–1213

A journal article with 2 authors

Zijlstra AA, Davis RJ (2012) Retrospective. Sir Bernard Lovell (1913-2012). Science 337:1307

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu B, Ooi TL, He ZJ (2004) Perceiving distance accurately by a directional process of integrating ground information. Nature 428:73–77

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Naruse M, Kim S-J, Aono M, et al (2014) Chaotic oscillation and random-number generation based on nanoscale optical-energy transfer. Sci Rep 4:6039

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Häussler-Combe U (2014) Computational Methods for Reinforced Concrete Structures. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69451 Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Teo T (2013) Handbook of Quantitative Methods for Educational Research. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Hamed O, Kimchi ET, Sehmbey M, et al (2013) Impact of Genetic Targets on Cancer Therapy: Hepatocellular Cancer. In: El-Deiry WS (ed) Impact of Genetic Targets on Cancer Therapy. Springer, New York, NY, pp 67–90

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Silicon.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Scientists Finally Understand The 100-Year-Old Mystery Of This Sea Blob. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-finally-understand-the-100yearold-mystery-of-this-sea-blob/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Information Technology Training: Practices of Leading Private-Sector Companies. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lange AW (2006) Calcineurin/NFATc1/DSCR1 Pathway Function in Cardiac Valvuloseptal Development and Down Syndrome-Related Phenotypes. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK (2002) World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Putin Removes Official. New York Times A4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Silicon
Abbreviation	Silicon
ISSN (print)	1876-990X
ISSN (online)	1876-9918
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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