How to format your references using the Shock Waves citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Shock Waves. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Andersen, B.: Space science. Crossroad for European space activity. Science. 307, 1206 (2005)

A journal article with 2 authors

Sacco, T., Sacchetti, B.: Role of secondary sensory cortices in emotional memory storage and retrieval in rats. Science. 329, 649–656 (2010)

A journal article with 3 authors

Olsen, A., Vantipalli, M.C., Lithgow, G.J.: Checkpoint proteins control survival of the postmitotic cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science. 312, 1381–1385 (2006)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Singh, S.K., Hawkins, C., Clarke, I.D., Squire, J.A., Bayani, J., Hide, T., Henkelman, R.M., Cusimano, M.D., Dirks, P.B.: Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature. 432, 396–401 (2004)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Madden, B.J.: Wealth Creation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2010)

An edited book

Sasano, T., Suzuki, O. eds: Interface Oral Health Science 2009. Springer Japan, Tokyo (2010)

A chapter in an edited book

Wen, L., Luo, H.-Z., Liu, G.-Y., Zheng, H.-T.: Nanostructured Lithium Titanates (Li4Ti5O12) for Lithium-Ion Batteries. In: Ozoemena, K.I. and Chen, S. (eds.) Nanomaterials in Advanced Batteries and Supercapacitors. pp. 127–169. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Shock Waves.

Blog post

Luntz, S.: Spanish Boy Dies Of Diphtheria Thanks To Anti-Vaxxers, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/spanish-boy-diphtheria-dies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Freight Transportation: Developing National Strategy Would Benefit from Added Focus on Community Congestion Impacts. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2014)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lange, A.W.: Calcineurin/NFATc1/DSCR1 Pathway Function in Cardiac Valvuloseptal Development and Down Syndrome-Related Phenotypes, (2006)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J.: Bullpen Wastes a Sparkling Performance by deGrom, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Shock Waves
Abbreviation	Shock Waves
ISSN (print)	0938-1287
ISSN (online)	1432-2153
Scope	Mechanical Engineering General Physics and Astronomy