How to format your references using the Shock citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Shock. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Arrow H: Evolution. The sharp end of altruism. Science 318(5850):581–582, 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jacob Z, Shalaev VM: Physics. Plasmonics goes quantum. Science 334(6055):463–464, 2011.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fournier AE, GrandPre T, Strittmatter SM: Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration. Nature 409(6818):341–346, 2001.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Qin S, Kim J, Niu Q, Shih C-K: Superconductivity at the two-dimensional limit. Science 324(5932):1314–1317, 2009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vicat-Blanc P, Soudan S, Guillier R, Goglin B: Computing Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

Lin CY-Y: National Intellectual Capital and the Financial Crisis in Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. (Edvinsson L, Chen J, Beding T (eds))., Springer: New York, NY, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Michel SH, Mueller DH: Vitamins and Minerals. In Yen EH, Leonard AR (eds) Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis: A Guide for Clinicians. Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015, pp 67–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Shock.

Blog post

Andrew E: We’re Only Just Starting To Understand The Side-Effects Of Driverless Cars. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/we-re-only-just-starting-understand-side-effects-driverless-cars/. October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Pricing of a Fixed-Price Incentive Contract Awarded to RCA Corporation by the Goddard Space Flight Center. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Klooster EC-R: Identifying differences in student traditionalities of remedial math students, adjusted for efficacy. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

ROBERT KELLY; Robert Kelly is a poet who teaches literature, writing at Bard College: “I’D RATHER BE A GREAT BAD POET.” New York Times:77, 1990.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Shock
ISSN (print)	1073-2322
ISSN (online)	1540-0514
Scope