How to format your references using the Scottish Journal of Geology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scottish Journal of Geology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schmidt, B. 2005. Astronomy. The link between supernovae and gamma ray bursts. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308, 1265–1266.

A journal article with 2 authors

Scholes, M.C. and Scholes, R.J. 2013. Ecology. Dust unto dust. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342, 565–566.

A journal article with 3 authors

Diemand, J., Moore, B. and Stadel, J. 2005. Earth-mass dark-matter haloes as the first structures in the early Universe. Nature, 433, 389–391.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lu, H., Wang, C.-A., Huang, Y. and Xie, H. 2014. Multi-enhanced-phonon scattering modes in Ln-Me-A sites co-substituted LnMeA11O19 ceramics. Scientific reports, 4, 6823.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonneau, D., Fatu, A. and Souchet, D. 2014. Internal Combustion Engine Bearings Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings.

An edited book

Choudary, A.D.R. 2014. Real Analysis on Intervals. Niculescu, C. P. (ed.).

A chapter in an edited book

García-Vidal, J., Guerrero-Zapata, M., Morillo-Pozo, J. and Fusté-Vilella, D. 2007. A Protocol Stack for Cooperative Wireless Networks. In: García-Vidal, J. and Cerdà-Alabern, L. (eds) Wireless Systems and Mobility in Next Generation Internet: Third International Workshop of the EURO-NGI Network of Excellence, Sitges, Spain, June 6-9, 2006, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 62–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scottish Journal of Geology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2016. That Inflatable Module On The ISS Is Doing Pretty Well. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2008. Aviation and the Environment: NextGen and Research and Development Are Keys to Reducing Emissions and Their Impact on Health and Climate. GAO-08-706T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Akiyama, K.M. 2017. Taste Detection in Post-Laryngectomy Head and Neck Cancer Survivors and Its Effect on Dietary Intake and Malnutrition Status. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. 2017. The Way We Were (and Are and Could Be). New York Times, BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schmidt 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Schmidt 2005; Scholes and Scholes 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Scholes and Scholes 2013)
Three or more authors: (Lu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Scottish Journal of Geology
Abbreviation	Scott. J. Geol.
ISSN (print)	0036-9276
ISSN (online)	2041-4951
Scope	Geology