How to format your references using the Scottish Journal of Geology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scottish Journal of Geology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Feduccia, A. 2001. Fossils and avian evolution. Nature, 414, 507–508.

A journal article with 2 authors

Portegies Zwart, S.F. and van den Heuvel, E.P.J. 2007. A runaway collision in a young star cluster as the origin of the brightest supernova. Nature, 450, 388–389.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kavanagh, K.D., Evans, A.R. and Jernvall, J. 2007. Predicting evolutionary patterns of mammalian teeth from development. Nature, 449, 427–432.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Gordon, G.R.J., Choi, H.B., Rungta, R.L., Ellis-Davies, G.C.R. and MacVicar, B.A. 2008. Brain metabolism dictates the polarity of astrocyte control over arterioles. Nature, 456, 745–749.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wang, Z.-G. 2016. Internal Combustion Processes of Liquid Rocket Engines.

An edited book

Mascio, T.D., Gennari, R., Vittorini, P. and De la Prieta, F. (eds). 2015. Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing.

A chapter in an edited book

Hanson, C.E. 2008. High Speed Train Noise Effects on Wildlife and Domestic Livestock. In: Schulte-Werning, B., Thompson, D., et al. (eds) Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Railway Noise, Munich, Germany, 4 - 8 September 2007. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 26–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scottish Journal of Geology.

Blog post

Hale, T. 2017. This Robot Is Controlled Through Human Brain Waves. IFLSciencehttps://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-robot-is-controlled-through-human-brain-waves/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Information Technology: The Federal Enterprise Architecture and Agencies’ Enterprise Architectures Are Still Maturing. GAO-04-798T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mihalas, S.T. 2008. Positive Protective Factors as Moderators in the Relationship between Relational Victimization and Depression in Minority Adolescents. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. 2010. A Yankee Bleacher Creature Takes a Little Off the Top. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Feduccia 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Feduccia 2001; Portegies Zwart and van den Heuvel 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Portegies Zwart and van den Heuvel 2007)
Three or more authors: (Gordon et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Scottish Journal of Geology
Abbreviation	Scott. J. Geol.
ISSN (print)	0036-9276
ISSN (online)	2041-4951
Scope	Geology