How to format your references using the Scientometrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scientometrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Forde, A. (2006). Careers in systems biology. A meeting of minds, expertise, and imagination. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5765), 1306–1307.

A journal article with 2 authors

Makse, H. A., & Kurchan, J. (2002). Testing the thermodynamic approach to granular matter with a numerical model of a decisive experiment. Nature, 415(6872), 614–617.

A journal article with 3 authors

DeLoache, J. S., Uttal, D. H., & Rosengren, K. S. (2004). Scale errors offer evidence for a perception-action dissociation early in life. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5673), 1027–1029.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Aléon, J., Robert, F., Duprat, J., & Derenne, S. (2005). Extreme oxygen isotope ratios in the early Solar System. Nature, 437(7057), 385–388.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Troffaes, M. C. M., & Cooman, G. de. (2014). Lower Previsions: Troffaes/Lower Previsions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Sarkar, S., Satz, H., & Sinha, B. (Eds.). (2010). The Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma: Introductory Lectures (Vol. 785). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Law, M., Carr, D. G., & Vogel, S. C. (2015). Materials for the Nuclear Energy Sector. In G. J. Kearley & V. K. Peterson (Eds.), Neutron Applications in Materials for Energy (pp. 61–82). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scientometrics.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, December 8). Two-Faced Cat Dies Aged 15. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/beloved-frank-and-louie-dead-15/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Transportation Security: TSA Has Taken Actions to Address Transportation Security Acquisition Reform Act Requirements (No. GAO-16-285). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Christian, T. M. (2012). Under the Navajo stars: The intersection of mythic narratives, archaeology, and star ceilings (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robles, F. (2016, June 24). Police Officers Are Haunted by Grisly Scene Inside Orlando Club. New York Times, p. A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Forde 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Forde 2006; Makse and Kurchan 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Makse and Kurchan 2002)
Three or more authors: (Aléon et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Scientometrics
Abbreviation	Scientometrics
ISSN (print)	0138-9130
ISSN (online)	1588-2861
Scope	Computer Science Applications General Social Sciences Library and Information Sciences