How to format your references using the Scientific Phone Apps and Mobile Devices citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scientific Phone Apps and Mobile Devices. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keitt TH. Coherent ecological dynamics induced by large-scale disturbance. Nature. 2008 Jul 17;454(7202):331–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cheng Z, Menees TM. RNA branching and debranching in the yeast retrovirus-like element Ty1. Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):240–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tayagaki T, Hoshi Y, Usami N. Investigation of the open-circuit voltage in solar cells doped with quantum dots. Sci. Rep. 2013 Sep 26;3:2703.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Beaugrand G, Brander KM, Alistair Lindley J, Souissi S, Reid PC. Plankton effect on cod recruitment in the North Sea. Nature. 2003 Dec 11;426(6967):661–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Li P, Marrongelle K. Having Success with NSF. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Spotts HE, editor. Revolution in Marketing: Market Driving Changes: Proceedings of the 2006 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang G, Zhang Q, Yan X. Observer-Based Feedback Stabilization. In: Zhang Q, Yan X, editors. Analysis and Design of Singular Markovian Jump Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 161–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scientific Phone Apps and Mobile Devices.

Blog post

Davis J. Why We Shouldn’t Label GMO Foods [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/why-we-shouldnt-label-gmo-foods/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Governmentwide Initiatives: Critical Issues Facing the Next Federal Telecommunications System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 May. Report No.: T-AIMD-94-114.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Karmacharya B. Population Dynamics of Northern Cardinal and Carolina Wren in an Urban Forest Fragment: Safe Refuge or Ecological Trap? [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Beyoncé Cancels Coachella Performances. New York Times. 2017 Feb 23;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Keitt 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Cheng and Menees 2004; Keitt 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cheng and Menees 2004)
Three or more authors: (Beaugrand et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Scientific Phone Apps and Mobile Devices
Abbreviation	Sci. Phone Apps Mob. Devices
ISSN (online)	2364-4958
Scope