How to format your references using the Sadhana citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sadhana. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pain, Elisabeth. 2008. Science careers. A self-made climber. Science (New York, N.Y.) 320: 1515.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bokov, Konstantin, and Sergey V. Steinberg. 2009. A hierarchical model for evolution of 23S ribosomal RNA. Nature 457: 977–980.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chung, Kunook, Chul-Ho Lee, and Gyu-Chul Yi. 2010. Transferable GaN layers grown on ZnO-coated graphene layers for optoelectronic devices. Science (New York, N.Y.) 330: 655–657.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

McMeniman, Conor J., Roxanna V. Lane, Bodil N. Cass, Amy W. C. Fong, Manpreet Sidhu, Yu-Feng Wang, and Scott L. O’Neill. 2009. Stable introduction of a life-shortening Wolbachia infection into the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Science (New York, N.Y.) 323: 141–144.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Silva Elipe, Maria Victoria. 2011. LC-NMR and Other Hyphenated NMR Techniques. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hu, Zi-Min, and Ceridwen Fraser, ed. 2016. Seaweed Phylogeography: Adaptation and Evolution of Seaweeds under Environmental Change. 1st ed. 2016. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Cristea, Ioana Alina, Simona Stefan, Oana David, Cristina Mogoase, and Anca Dobrean. 2016. Rational Stories for Children. A Rational Emotive Education Protocol for Approaching Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Based on the Stories Book The Retmagic and Wonderful Adventures of Retman. In REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults, ed. Simona Stefan, Oana David, Cristina Mogoase, and Anca Dobrean, 69–79. SpringerBriefs in Psychology. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sadhana.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2016. How Much Sugar Is It OK To Eat? IFLScience. IFLScience. May 29.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2008. Business Systems Modernization: Internal Revenue Service’s Fiscal Year 2008 Expenditure Plan. GAO-08-420. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edson, Colette. 2017. A Mixed-Methods Investigation on Contributing Factors to the Political Efficacy of Eighth Grade Students in a Suburban School District in Missouri. Doctoral dissertation, St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, Mary J. O. 2015. Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times, December 4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pain 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Pain 2008; Bokov and Steinberg 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bokov and Steinberg 2009)
Three or more authors: (McMeniman et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sadhana
ISSN (print)	0256-2499
ISSN (online)	0973-7677
Scope