How to format your references using the Risks citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Risks. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pennisi, E. Geography. Advancing Seasons in China. Science 2013, 341, 482–483.

A journal article with 2 authors

Junge, W.; Rutherford, A.W. Obituary: Horst Tobias Witt (1922-2007). Nature 2007, 448, 425.

A journal article with 3 authors

Di Matteo, T.; Springel, V.; Hernquist, L. Energy Input from Quasars Regulates the Growth and Activity of Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies. Nature 2005, 433, 604–607.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Levine, J.A.; Lanningham-Foster, L.M.; McCrady, S.K.; Krizan, A.C.; Olson, L.R.; Kane, P.H.; Jensen, M.D.; Clark, M.M. Interindividual Variation in Posture Allocation: Possible Role in Human Obesity. Science 2005, 307, 584–586.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rees, P.A. An Introduction to Zoo Biology and Management; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2011; ISBN 9781444397840.

An edited book

Secure and Trust Computing, Data Management, and Applications: STA 2011 Workshops: IWCS 2011 and STAVE 2011, Loutraki, Greece, June 28-30, 2011. Proceedings; Lee, C., Seigneur, J.-M., Park, J.J., Wagner, R.R., Eds.; Communications in Computer and Information Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; Vol. 187; ISBN 9783642223648.

A chapter in an edited book

Stone, L.D.; Royset, J.O.; Washburn, A.R. Path-Constrained Search in Discrete Time and Space. In Optimal Search for Moving Targets; Royset, J.O., Washburn, A.R., Eds.; International Series in Operations Research & Management Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 81–120 ISBN 9783319268972.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Risks.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Inside A Body Farm Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/fascinating-process-human-decomposition/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Space Operations: NASA Efforts to Develop and Deploy Advanced Spacecraft Computers; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1989;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dutta, A. Systems Optimization for Mobility Management. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University: New York, NY, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. Subject Changes, But Ryan Talks On. New York Times 2011, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Risks
Abbreviation	Risks
ISSN (online)	2227-9091
Scope