How to format your references using the Risks citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Risks. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nosonovsky, M. Materials Science: Slippery When Wetted. Nature 2011, 477, 412–413.

A journal article with 2 authors

Porteus, M.H.; Baltimore, D. Chimeric Nucleases Stimulate Gene Targeting in Human Cells. Science 2003, 300, 763.

A journal article with 3 authors

James, A.; Pitchford, J.W.; Plank, M.J. Disentangling Nestedness from Models of Ecological Complexity. Nature 2012, 487, 227–230.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Stallard, T.; Miller, S.; Melin, H.; Lystrup, M.; Cowley, S.W.H.; Bunce, E.J.; Achilleos, N.; Dougherty, M. Jovian-like Aurorae on Saturn. Nature 2008, 453, 1083–1085.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Speight, J.G. Coal-Fired Power Generation Handbook; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2013; ISBN 9781118739457.

An edited book

Life as We Know It; Seckbach, J., Ed.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2006; ISBN 9781402043949.

A chapter in an edited book

Aloni, R. The Role of Hormones in Controlling Vascular Differentiation. In Cellular Aspects of Wood Formation; Fromm, J., Ed.; Plant Cell Monographs; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013; pp. 99–139 ISBN 9783642364907.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Risks.

Blog post

Fang, J. Early Cretaceous Bloodsucking Bugs Found in China (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Ways of Increasing Productivity in the Maintenance of Commercial-Type Vehicles; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1975;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wahl, R.J. Agustín Barrios and Musical Identity: Tangos in Early Twentieth-Century Guitar Repertory. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Harris, K. Commuter Wear. New York Times 2017, ST3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Risks
Abbreviation	Risks
ISSN (online)	2227-9091
Scope