How to format your references using the Risks citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Risks. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bettencourt, L.M.A. The Origins of Scaling in Cities. Science 2013, 340, 1438–1441.

A journal article with 2 authors

KelIy, C.K.; Bowler, M.G. Coexistence and Relative Abundance in Forest Trees. Nature 2002, 417, 437–440.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baldi, C.; Cho, S.; Ellis, R.E. Mutations in Two Independent Pathways Are Sufficient to Create Hermaphroditic Nematodes. Science 2009, 326, 1002–1005.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hurford, T.A.; Helfenstein, P.; Hoppa, G.V.; Greenberg, R.; Bills, B.G. Eruptions Arising from Tidally Controlled Periodic Openings of Rifts on Enceladus. Nature 2007, 447, 292–294.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pasternak, J.J. An Introduction to Human Molecular Genetics; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2005; ISBN 9780471719182.

An edited book

Goodarzi, E. Introduction to Optimization Analysis in Hydrosystem Engineering; Ziaei, M., Hosseinipour, E.Z., Eds.; Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; Vol. 25; ISBN 9783319043999.

A chapter in an edited book

Kezunovic, M.; Ren, J.; Lotfifard, S. Modeling of Digital Relay and Power System Signals. In Design, Modeling and Evaluation of Protective Relays for Power Systems; Ren, J., Lotfifard, S., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 77–169 ISBN 9783319209180.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Risks.

Blog post

Fang, J. Scientists Discover Fossils from the Most Massive Penguin Ever Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-discover-massive-species-extinct-penguin/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Financial Literacy: The Federal Government’s Role in Empowering Americans to Make Sound Financial Choices; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2011;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richards, O. Teachers’ Perceptions About the Value of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy: A Case Study. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University: Scottsdale, AZ, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. For Hughes, Gold Medal Never Trumped Family Life. New York Times 2010, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Risks
Abbreviation	Risks
ISSN (online)	2227-9091
Scope