How to format your references using the Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Cancers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Cancers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schlamminger, S. (2014). Fundamental constants: a cool way to measure big G. Nature 510, 478–480.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lowenstein, T. K., and Demicco, R. V. (2006). Elevated Eocene atmospheric CO2 and its subsequent decline. Science 313, 1928.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jeffrey, J. L., Terrett, J. A., and MacMillan, D. W. C. (2015). O-H hydrogen bonding promotes H-atom transfer from α C-H bonds for C-alkylation of alcohols. Science 349, 1532–1536.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Perozo, E., Cortes, D. M., Sompornpisut, P., Kloda, A., and Martinac, B. (2002). Open channel structure of MscL and the gating mechanism of mechanosensitive channels. Nature 418, 942–948.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abner, D. J. (2010). The ETF Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Klouche, T., and Noll, T. eds. (2009). Mathematics and Computation in Music: First International Conference, MCM 2007 Berlin, Germany, May 18–20, 2007 Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ostgathe, C., and Maier, B.-O. (2015). “Therapy of Cancer-Related Pain and Cancer Therapy-Related Pain,” in Palliative Care in Oncology, eds. B. Alt-Epping and F. Nauck (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 59–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2016). Why Alcohol Makes You Feel Warm – And Other Strange Effects It Has On The Brain. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/why-alcohol-makes-you-feel-warm-and-other-strange-effects-it-has-brain/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010). Joint Strike Fighter: Significant Challenges Remain as DOD Restructures Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Masuyama, G. (2010). The Bird Is A Word. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S. (2003). City College Senior Seeks Yet Another Record. New York Times, D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schlamminger, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Lowenstein and Demicco, 2006; Schlamminger, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lowenstein and Demicco, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Perozo et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Abbreviation	Front. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	2234-943X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology