How to format your references using the Review of African Political Economy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Review of African Political Economy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Makous, Walter. 2007. “Comment on ‘Emergence of Novel Color Vision in Mice Engineered to Express a Human Cone Photopigment.’” Science (New York, N.Y.) 318 (5848): 196; author reply 196.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shang, Yongfeng, and Myles Brown. 2002. “Molecular Determinants for the Tissue Specificity of SERMs.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295 (5564): 2465–2468.

A journal article with 3 authors

Viswanathan, Srinivas R., George Q. Daley, and Richard I. Gregory. 2008. “Selective Blockade of MicroRNA Processing by Lin28.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 320 (5872): 97–100.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wang, Xuedong, Qing Liao, Xiaomei Lu, Hui Li, Zhenzhen Xu, and Hongbing Fu. 2014. “Shape-Engineering of Self-Assembled Organic Single Microcrystal as Optical Microresonator for Laser Applications.” Scientific Reports 4 (November): 7011.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Murdoch, Iona, Sarah Turpin, Bree Johnston, Alasdair MacLullich, and Eve Losman. 2014. Geriatric Emergencies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Alloin, Danielle, Rachel Johnson, and Paulina Lira, eds. 2006. Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei at All Scales. Vol. 693. Lecture Notes in Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Li, Jie, Wujie Zhu, Mengjun Zhou, and Hua Wang. 2011. “Power Mean Based Crossover Rate Adaptive Differential Evolution.” In Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence: Third International Conference, AICI 2011, Taiyuan, China, September 24-25, 2011, Proceedings, Part II, edited by Hepu Deng, Duoqian Miao, Jingsheng Lei, and Fu Lee Wang, 34–41. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Review of African Political Economy.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2013. “Scientists Develop Beer That Doesn’t Give You A Hangover.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/hangover-free-beer-anyone/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2001. Proposed Alliance Between American Airlines and British Airways Raises Competition Concerns and Public Interest Issues. GAO-02-293R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pappenfus, Barbara J. 2013. “How Frequency of Change within Organizations Affects Burnout of Human Resource Professionals.” Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt, Michael S., Maggie Haberman, and Matt Apuzzo. 2017. “Wary of Mueller, Trump’s Team Is Investigating His Investigators.” New York Times, July 21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Makous 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Makous 2007; Shang and Brown 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shang and Brown 2002)
Three authors: (Viswanathan, Daley, and Gregory 2008)
4 or more authors: (Wang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Review of African Political Economy
Abbreviation	Rev. Afr. Polit. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0305-6244
ISSN (online)	1740-1720
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations