How to format your references using the Retina citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Retina. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Austin J. The class of 2005. United States: two scientists and a baby. Science. 2005;310(5747):518-519.

A journal article with 2 authors

Van Tuyl R, Pereltsvaig A. Comment on “Phonemic diversity supports a serial founder effect model of language expansion from Africa.” Science. 2012;335(6069):657; author reply 657.

A journal article with 3 authors

Giovannetti V, Lloyd S, Maccone L. Quantum-enhanced measurements: beating the standard quantum limit. Science. 2004;306(5700):1330-1336.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Trotman LC, Alimonti A, Scaglioni PP, Koutcher JA, Cordon-Cardo C, Pandolfi PP. Identification of a tumour suppressor network opposing nuclear Akt function. Nature. 2006;441(7092):523-527.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reeve WD. DC Power System Design for Telecommunications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

Golovko V, Imada A, eds. Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence: 8th International Conference, ICNNAI 2014, Brest, Belarus, June 3-6, 2014. Proceedings. Vol 440. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Trebbi M, Villari D, Ruberto M. Materials for Injection Laryngoplasty: Current Application. In: Bergamini G, Presutti L, Molteni G, eds. Injection Laryngoplasty. Springer International Publishing; 2015:31-42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Retina.

Blog post

Fang J. Could Tooth Regeneration Be Possible In Humans One Day? IFLScience. Published October 21, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/teeth-and-taste-buds-came-same-precursor-tissue/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Supercomputing in Industry. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bontrager JG. Characterization and Applications for A Polymerized DiaCEST Contrast Agent. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. New Group Chooses Its First Battle, Asthma. New York Times. February 24, 2008:LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Retina
Abbreviation	Retina
ISSN (print)	0275-004X
ISSN (online)	1539-2864
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology

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