How to format your references using the Retina citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Retina. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Loder N. UK panel calls for more cuts to carbon dioxide emission. Nature. 2000;405:873-874.

A journal article with 2 authors

Francesconi M, Lehner B. The effects of genetic variation on gene expression dynamics during development. Nature. 2014;505:208-211.

A journal article with 3 authors

McAlonan K, Cavanaugh J, Wurtz RH. Guarding the gateway to cortex with attention in visual thalamus. Nature. 2008;456:391-394.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kim M, Bertram M, Pollmann M, et al. Controlling chemical turbulence by global delayed feedback: pattern formation in catalytic CO oxidation on Pt(110). Science. 2001;292:1357-1360.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Le Doeuff R, Zaïm MEH. Rotating Electrical Machines. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Speed T, Huang H, eds. Research in Computational Molecular Biology: 11th Annual International Conference, RECOMB 2007, Oakland, CA, USA, April 21-25, 2007. Proceedings. Vol 4453. Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Grothaus M, Sadun E. Connecting to the Internet. In: Sadun E, ed. Taking Your IPad to the Max, IOS 5 Edition. Apress; 2012:119-135.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Retina.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Ancient Skeleton Reveals 10,000-Year Link To Modern Tribes In Pacific Northwest. IFLScience. Published April 5, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/ancient-skeleton-reveals-10000-year-link-to-modern-tribes-in-pacific-northwest/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Teacher Quality: Survey Results of State Officials on Efforts to Coordinate Teacher Quality Initiatives (GAO-09-594SP, July 2009), an E-Supplement to GAO-09-593. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Singh A. Improving the Usability of Typometric Solutions. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S. A New Rating For Portrayals Of Gender. New York Times. June 20, 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Retina
Abbreviation	Retina
ISSN (print)	0275-004X
ISSN (online)	1539-2864
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology