How to format your references using the Retina citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Retina. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith DC. Marine biology. Expansion of the marine Archaea. Science. 2001;293(5527):56-57.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gurnett DA, Kurth WS. Electron plasma oscillations upstream of the solar wind termination shock. Science. 2005;309(5743):2025-2027.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fay JC, Wyckoff GJ, Wu CI. Testing the neutral theory of molecular evolution with genomic data from Drosophila. Nature. 2002;415(6875):1024-1026.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Inoue T, Higuchi M, Hashimoto Y, et al. Identification of CRE1 as a cytokinin receptor from Arabidopsis. Nature. 2001;409(6823):1060-1063.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lui SH. Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Zierhut M, Pavesio C, Ohno S, Orefice F, Rao NA, eds. Intraocular Inflammation. 1st ed. 2016. Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Jensen JJ. Probability of Parametric Roll in Random Seaways. In: Fossen TI, Nijmeijer H, eds. Parametric Resonance in Dynamical Systems. Springer; 2012:91-105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Retina.

Blog post

Andrews R. Mammals Took Over The World Remarkably Quickly After The Dinosaurs Bit The Dust. IFLScience. June 29, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mammals-took-over-the-world-remarkably-quickly-after-the-dinosaurs-bit-the-dust/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Prekindergarten: Four Selected States Expanded Access by Relying on Schools and Existing Providers of Early Education and Care to Provide Services. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Norris C. What Is Lost Along the Way. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB. Trump Puts Barometers of Wall St. to the Test. New York Times. December 15, 2016:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Retina
Abbreviation	Retina
ISSN (print)	0275-004X
ISSN (online)	1539-2864
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology