How to format your references using the Respiratory Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Respiratory Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kagan JC. Immunology. Sensing endotoxins from within. Science. 2013;341:1184–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Matthews PGD, Seymour RS. Diving insects boost their buoyancy bubbles. Nature. 2006;441:171.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kuzuyama T, Noel JP, Richard SB. Structural basis for the promiscuous biosynthetic prenylation of aromatic natural products. Nature. 2005;435:983–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Horii T, Arai Y, Yamazaki M, Morita S, Kimura M, Itoh M, et al. Validation of microinjection methods for generating knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4513.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Chu L-Y, Wang W. Microfluidics for Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2017.

An edited book

1. Sukhoivanov IA. Photonic Crystals: Physics and Practical Modeling. Guryev IV, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Mastrolia P, Rigoli M, Setti AG. Uniqueness. In: Rigoli M, Setti AG, editors. Yamabe-type Equations on Complete, Noncompact Manifolds. Basel: Springer; 2012. p. 127–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Respiratory Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. Climate Change ‘Hotspots’: Why They Matter And Why We Should Invest In Them [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/climate-change-hotspots-why-they-matter-and-why-we-should-invest-in-them/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Elementary School Children: Many Change Schools Frequently, Harming Their Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Feb. Report No.: HEHS-94-45.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tu KN. Novel bivalent organophosphates as inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase — Compounds with potential for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and studies in the development of asymmetric catalytic Kabachnik-Fields reaction [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Fountain H, Schwartz J. Science and Medicine; Researchers Bristle at Extent of Cuts. New York Times. 2017 Mar 16;A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Respiratory Research
ISSN (online)	1465-993X
Scope