How to format your references using the Research on Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Research on Biomedical Engineering (RBE). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lee PA. Physics. Seeking out Majorana under the microscope. Science. 2014;346:545–6. PMid:25359950. .

A journal article with 2 authors

Grewal SIS, Moazed D. Heterochromatin and epigenetic control of gene expression. Science. 2003;301:798–802. PMid:12907790. .

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhao BS, Meijer G, Schöllkopf W. Quantum reflection of He2 several nanometers above a grating surface. Science. 2011;331:892–4. PMid:21330540. .

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Stiffler MA, Chen JR, Grantcharova VP, Lei Y, Fuchs D, Allen JE, Zaslavskaia LA, MacBeath G. PDZ domain binding selectivity is optimized across the mouse proteome. Science. 2007;317:364–9. PMid:17641200. .

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1993.

An edited book

Whitaker H, Smith CUM, Finger S, editors. Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Ferner RE. Psychological Impact of the Neurofibromatoses. In: Huson SM, Evans DGR, editors. Neurofibromatoses in Clinical Practice, London: Springer; 2011, p. 129–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Research on Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Fang J. Revealed: how baby sea turtles spend their “lost years.” IFLScience. 2014. [cited 2018 October 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/revealed-how-baby-sea-turtles-spend-their-lost-years/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. [Comments on DOD Data Center Consolidation Plan]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Herrlich A. Transparency and medical interventions in vital statistics reports: Quantitative research and analysis. [Doctoral dissertation]. 2010. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Pitching Took Root After the Troubles Were Left Behind. New York Times. 2017:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lee, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Grewal and Moazed, 2003; Lee, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Grewal and Moazed, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Stiffler et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Research on Biomedical Engineering
ISSN (print)	2446-4732
ISSN (online)	2446-4740
Scope