How to format your references using the Research Integrity and Peer Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Research Integrity and Peer Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Polak T. Help others--and help your career. Science. 2015;350:246.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Caldeira K, Wickett ME. Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature. 2003;425:365.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Arnold KE, Owens IPF, Marshall NJ. Fluorescent signaling in parrots. Science. 2002;295:92.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Dollar GL, Weber U, Mlodzik M, Sokol SY. Regulation of Lethal giant larvae by Dishevelled. Nature. 2005;437:1376–80.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Geisser S. Modes of Parametric Statistical Inference: Geisser/Modes of Parametric Statistical Inference. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Ochiai T, Mabuchi T, Maeda Y, Noguchi J, Weinstein A, editors. Geometry and Analysis on Manifolds: In Memory of Professor Shoshichi Kobayashi. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Meershoek G. The Dutch Police and the Explosion of Violence in the Early 1980s. In: Campion J, Rousseaux X, editors. Policing New Risks in Modern European History. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 86–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Research Integrity and Peer Review.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. We Now Know Where Comet 67P Was Born [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/we-now-know-where-comet-67p-was-born/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Content Analysis: A Methodology for Structuring and Analyzing Written Material. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Sep. Report No.: PEMD-10.3.1.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hatton H. How Rural Elementary Building Principals Conceptualize the Programs in Their Schools, the Processes of Connecting Students to Programs, and Their Leadership Role in Doing So [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Venezuelan Ballplayers Love Homeland, at a Safe Distance. New York Times. 2017 Mar 11;SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Research Integrity and Peer Review
Abbreviation	Res. Integr. Peer Rev.
ISSN (online)	2058-8615
Scope