How to format your references using the Rare Metals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Rare Metals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Bürger G. Comment on “The spatial extent of 20th-century warmth in the context of the past 1200 years.” Science. 2007;316:1844; author reply 1844.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Satheesh SK, Ramanathan V V. Large differences in tropical aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere and Earth’s surface. Nature. 2000;405:60–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Titus TN, Kieffer HH, Christensen PR. Exposed water ice discovered near the south pole of Mars. Science. 2003;299:1048–51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Quan T, Zheng T, Yang Z, Ding W, Li S, Li J, et al. NeuroGPS: automated localization of neurons for brain circuits using L1 minimization model. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1414.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Holt J. The Ultimate Daily Show and Philosophy. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

1. Carli MFD, Lipton MJ, editors. Cardiac PET and PET/CT Imaging. New York, NY: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Schoon S. Three Olds: Experimental Urban Restructuring with Chinese Characteristics, Guangzhou and Shenzhen in Comparison. In: Altrock U, Schoon S, editors. Maturing Megacities: The Pearl River Delta in Progressive Transformation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 105–21.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Rare Metals.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Alignment Of Planets May Explain Sun’s Mysterious Cycle. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Mexican Trucking Wages. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Nov. Report No.: RCED-94-78R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rooks DL. Science for all: Experiences and outcomes of students with visual impairment in a guided inquiry-based classroom [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. Hot for a Dairy Queen Sign. New York Times. 2017 Aug 31;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Rare Metals
Abbreviation	Rare Metals
ISSN (print)	1001-0521
ISSN (online)	1867-7185
Scope	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Materials Chemistry Metals and Alloys Condensed Matter Physics