How to format your references using the Rare Metals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Rare Metals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kivelson MG. Does Enceladus govern magnetospheric dynamics at Saturn? Science. 2006;311:1391–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Eberly JH, Yu T. Physics. The end of an entanglement. Science. 2007;316:555–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Stine AR, Huybers P, Fung IY. Changes in the phase of the annual cycle of surface temperature. Nature. 2009;457:435–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. de Bruin D, Zaman Z, Liberatore RA, Ptashne M. Telomere looping permits gene activation by a downstream UAS in yeast. Nature. 2001;409:109–13.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Guzik A. Essentials for Occupational Health Nursing. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Gavrilova ML, Tan CJK, Sourin A, editors. Transactions on Computational Science XXVIII: Special Issue on Cyberworlds and Cybersecurity. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Graham S. School Racial/Ethnic Diversity and Disparities in Mental Health and Academic Outcomes. In: Carlo G, Crockett LJ, Carranza MA, editors. Health Disparities in Youth and Families: Research and Applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. p. 73–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Rare Metals.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. $250 Million Increase To NASA’s Budget Next Year [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/250-million-increase-nasa’s-budget-next-year/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Achievements, Cost, and Administration of the Ocean Sediment Coring Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972 Nov. Report No.: B-171989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. McPherson CA. Characterization of the neurogenic microenvironment in the mouse hippocampus following chemical-induced neuronal injury [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Lee L. The Best Decorated Tent You’ll Ever See. New York Times. 2008 Nov 27;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Rare Metals
Abbreviation	Rare Metals
ISSN (print)	1001-0521
ISSN (online)	1867-7185
Scope	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Materials Chemistry Metals and Alloys Condensed Matter Physics