How to format your references using the Radiology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Brydson R. Materials analysis: Good vibrations. Nature 2014;514:177–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Vijg J, Campisi J. Puzzles, promises and a cure for ageing. Nature 2008;454:1065–71.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Schulte DM, Burke RP, Lipcius RN. Unprecedented restoration of a native oyster metapopulation. Science 2009;325:1124–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Blekhman R, Perry GH, Shahbaz S, Fiehn O, Clark AG, Gilad Y. Comparative metabolomics in primates reveals the effects of diet and gene regulatory variation on metabolic divergence. Sci Rep 2014;4:5809.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Porter AL, Cunningham SW. Tech Mining. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

[1]

Krishnamurti C, Vishwanath R, editors. Investment Management: A Modern Guide to Security Analysis and Stock Selection. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Tomar V, Qu T, Dubey DK, Verma D, Zhang Y. Multiscaling for Molecular Models to Predict Lab Scale Sample Properties: A Review of Phenomenological Models. In: Qu T, Dubey DK, Verma D, Zhang Y, editors. Multiscale Characterization of Biological Systems: Spectroscopy and Modeling, New York, NY: Springer; 2015, p. 61–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiology Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Clownfish Undertake Epic Journeys. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nemo-could-have-traveled-400-kilometers-real-life-marlin-wouldnt/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Surface Transportation: A Comprehensive Plan Could Facilitate Implementation of a National Performance Management Approach. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ghadimian V. Renewable Energy Marketplace. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. False Rumors Are Flying About Insurance Claims. New York Times 2017:A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Radiol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	1930-0433
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging