How to format your references using the Radiology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Hoag H. Drug development: a chance of survival. Nature 2014;515:S118-20.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lu ET, Love SG. Gravitational tractor for towing asteroids. Nature 2005;438:177–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Zhang K, Zhang Y, Wang S. Enhancing thermoelectric properties of organic composites through hierarchical nanostructures. Sci Rep 2013;3:3448.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ko W, Jeon I, Kim HW, Kwon H, Kahng S-J, Park J, et al. Atomic and electronic structure of an alloyed topological insulator, Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3. Sci Rep 2013;3:2656.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Deacon M, Derry A, Mirfendereski D. Inflation-indexed Securities. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2004.

An edited book

[1]

Chiang CC. Design for Manufacturability and Yield for Nano-Scale CMOS. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

van der Aalst WMP, Dumas M, Gottschalk F, ter Hofstede AHM, La Rosa M, Mendling J. Correctness-Preserving Configuration of Business Process Models. In: Fiadeiro JL, Inverardi P, editors. Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering: 11th International Conference, FASE 2008, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2008, Budapest, Hungary, March 29-April 6, 2008. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 46–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiology Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Scientists Claim To Have Found 234 Alien Civilizations. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-claim-to-have-found-234-alien-civilizations/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Should Provide the Congress with More Information on the Pioneer Venus Project. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mullen CR. Factors Influencing Canadian Power Engineers’ Decision to Pursue Advanced Certification. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. U.S. Supreme Court Supports New York City’s Effort to Collect Taxes on Some U.N. Missions. New York Times 2007:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Radiol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	1930-0433
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging