How to format your references using the Radiology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Carslaw K. Atmospheric physics: Cosmic rays, clouds and climate. Nature 2009;460:332–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gray J, Druker B. Genomics: the breast cancer landscape. Nature 2012;486:328–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sousa T, Marques GM, Domingos T. Comment on “Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny.” Science 2009;325:1206; author reply 1206.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Erb K-H, Kastner T, Plutzar C, Bais ALS, Carvalhais N, Fetzel T, et al. Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and grazing on global vegetation biomass. Nature 2018;553:73–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Schiek B, Rolfes I, Siweris H-J. Noise in High-Frequency Circuits and Oscillators. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Lombaerde P de, editor. Multilateralism, Regionalism and Bilateralism in Trade and Investment: 2006 World Report on Regional Integration. vol. 1. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lin L, Hedayat AS, Wu W. Sample Size and Power. In: Hedayat AS, Wu W, editors. Statistical Tools for Measuring Agreement, New York, NY: Springer; 2012, p. 71–4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiology Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Multivitamins are a waste of money for healthy people, according to physicians. IFLScience 2013. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/multivitamins-are-waste-money-healthy-people-according-physicians/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Medical ADP Systems: Analysis of Technical Aspects of DOD’s Composite Health Care System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Davidson JM. Transitional age youth—a program expansion to enhance existing services in Sonoma County: A grant-writing project. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Gurley G. London To Harlem Via Chelsea. New York Times 2013:E1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Radiol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	1930-0433
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging