How to format your references using the Radiologic Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiologic Clinics of North America (RCL). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hynes RO. Structural biology. Changing partners. Science 2003;300(5620):755–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kossinets G., Watts DJ. Empirical analysis of an evolving social network. Science 2006;311(5757):88–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Scaillet B., Pichavant M., Cioni R. Upward migration of Vesuvius magma chamber over the past 20,000 years. Nature 2008;455(7210):216–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ricci-Vitiani L., Lombardi DG., Pilozzi E., et al. Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature 2007;445(7123):111–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McCallum H. Population Parameters: Estimation for Ecological Models. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Alston JM. Persistence Pays: U.S. Agricultural Productivity Growth and the Benefits from Public R&D Spending. vol. 34. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Kalliomäki M., Salminen S., Isolauri E. Positive Interactions with the Microbiota: Probiotics. In: Huffnagle GB, Noverr MC, editors. GI Microbiota and Regulation of the Immune System. New York, NY: Springer; 2008. p. 57–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiologic Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Fang J. LED Street Lights Thwart Moths’ Bat-Evading Tactics. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/led-street-lights-thwart-moths-bat-evading-tactics/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federally Funded Research Centers: Agency Reviews of Employee Compensation and Center Performance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Connelly J. A tradition of excellence transitions to the 21 st century: Hungarian mathematics education, 1988-2008. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, New York, NY, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Chechnya Death Toll. New York Times 2001:A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiologic Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Radiol. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0033-8389
ISSN (online)	1557-8275
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging