How to format your references using the Radiologic Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiologic Clinics of North America (RCL). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Daëron M. Cell biology. Signaling shifts in allergy responses. Science 2014;343(6174):982–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rivera LB., Bergers G. CANCER. Tumor angiogenesis, from foe to friend. Science 2015;349(6249):694–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang Q-X., Wang D-N., MacKinnon R. Electron microscopic analysis of KvAP voltage-dependent K+ channels in an open conformation. Nature 2004;430(7001):806–10.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dean C., Leakey MG., Reid D., et al. Growth processes in teeth distinguish modern humans from Homo erectus and earlier hominins. Nature 2001;414(6864):628–31.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society. Recommendations on Excavations EAB. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2013.

An edited book

Azzopardi G., Petkov N. Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns: 16th International Conference, CAIP 2015, Valletta, Malta, September 2-4, 2015 Proceedings, Part I. vol. 9256. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Davidson R. Working-Class Women Activists: Citizenship at the Local Level. In: Ackers P, Reid AJ, editors. Alternatives to State-Socialism in Britain: Other Worlds of Labour in the Twentieth Century. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 93–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiologic Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Andrew E. It Feels Instantaneous, but How Long Does it Really Take to Think a Thought? IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/it-feels-instantaneous-how-long-does-it-really-take-think-thought/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Indian Affairs: Better Management and Accountability Needed to Improve Indian Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lynch LE. Financial regulation and economic performance: A descriptive correlation study of American financial institutions. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly R. “Have One Hard Cry. Then Stanch the Grief.” New York Times 1994:79.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiologic Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Radiol. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0033-8389
ISSN (online)	1557-8275
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging