How to format your references using the Radiologic Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiologic Clinics of North America (RCL). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith C. Genomics: SNPs and human disease. Nature 2005;435(7044):993.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bright AT., Winzeler EA. Epidemiology: resistance mapping in malaria. Nature 2013;498(7455):446–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Showalter MR., Hedman MM., Burns JA. The impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 sends ripples through the rings of Jupiter. Science 2011;332(6030):711–3.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jiao Y., Shi C., Edil BH., et al. DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Science 2011;331(6021):1199–203.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dormieux L., Kondo D. Micromechanics of Fracture and Damage. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Bartels N. Applied Linguistics and Language Teacher Education. vol. 4. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Dam HH., Rojanavasu P., Abbass HA., et al. Distributed Learning Classifier Systems. In: Bull L, Bernadó-Mansilla E, Holmes J, editors. Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 69–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiologic Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Andrew E. These Headphones Transmit Sound Into Your Skull. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/bone-conducting-headphones/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: DOD Needs to Improve Process for Ensuring Interoperability of Telecommunications Switches. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walker M. Industry - higher education partnerships: A case study analysis of learning together. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. All Dollars, All the Time For Harried School Boards. New York Times 2005:14LI1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiologic Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Radiol. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0033-8389
ISSN (online)	1557-8275
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging