How to format your references using the Quaternary International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quaternary International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sieradzki, K., 2011. Materials science. Potential solutions for creating responsive materials. Science (New York, N.Y.) 332, 1158–1159.

A journal article with 2 authors

Semmelhack, J.L., Wang, J.W., 2009. Select Drosophila glomeruli mediate innate olfactory attraction and aversion. Nature 459, 218–223.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bouvier, F., Dogbo, O., Camara, B., 2003. Biosynthesis of the food and cosmetic plant pigment bixin (annatto). Science (New York, N.Y.) 300, 2089–2091.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Suchyna, T.M., Tape, S.E., Koeppe, R.E., 2nd, Andersen, O.S., Sachs, F., Gottlieb, P.A., 2004. Bilayer-dependent inhibition of mechanosensitive channels by neuroactive peptide enantiomers. Nature 430, 235–240.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moore, R.G., Garland, A., 2008. Cognitive Therapy for Chronic and Persistent Depression. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, England.

An edited book

Koh, J.T.K.V., Dunstan, B.J., Silvera-Tawil, D., Velonaki, M. (Eds.), 2016. Cultural Robotics: First International Workshop, CR 2015, Held as Part of IEEE RO-MAN 2015, Kobe, Japan, August 31, 2015. Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Kana‘iaupuni, S.M., Else, I., 2005. Ola Ka Inoa (The Name Lives). In: Martini, M.I. (Ed.), Learning in Cultural Context: Family, Peers, and School, International and Cultural Psychology Series. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 109–131.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quaternary International.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. Watch What Happens When You Shoot Potassium Bullets Into Water [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/what-happens-when-you-shoot-liquid-metal-bullets-water/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1987. Risk and Control of the Software Maintenance Process (No. 132203). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gallegos, L.L., 2009. Spatiotemporal regulation of protein kinase C signaling: Control of normal cellular dynamics and mis-regulation in cancer (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J., 2016. Gifted Frenemies, Egging Each Other on to Greatness. New York Times C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sieradzki, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Semmelhack and Wang, 2009; Sieradzki, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Semmelhack and Wang, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Suchyna et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Quaternary International
Abbreviation	Quat. Int.
ISSN (print)	1040-6182
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes