How to format your references using the Quantum Electronics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quantum Electronics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Hederstedt L 2003 Structural biology. Complex II is complex too Science 299 671–2

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Thornton A and McAuliffe K 2006 Teaching in wild meerkats Science 313 227–9

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Taylor A H, Allen J I and Clark P A 2002 Extraction of a weak climatic signal by an ecosystem Nature 416 629–32

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Zhang J Z, Mordy C W, Gordon L I, Ross A, Garcia H E, Pahlow M and Riebesell U 2000 Temporal trends in deep ocean redfield ratios Science 289 1839a

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Morris A 2008 A Practical Guide to Reliable Finite Element Modelling (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)

An edited book

[1]

Björn L O 2008 Photobiology: The Science of Life and Light (New York, NY: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Tseng S M, Zhang K, Wu S F, Ma K-L, Teoh S T and Zhao X 2007 Analysis of BGP Origin AS Changes Among Brazil-Related Autonomous Systems IP Operations and Management: 7th IEEE International Workshop, IPOM 2007 San José, USA, October 31 - November 2, 2007 Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science ed D Medhi, J M Nogueira, T Pfeifer and S F Wu (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer) pp 49–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quantum Electronics.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S 2014 Beating Artificial Heart Tissue Announced IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1993 Drug Control: Status Report on Counterdrug Technology Development (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ziegler R T 2017 The Impact of Strategic Planning Involvement on Employee Engagement in a Federal Public Health Agency Doctoral dissertation (Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Santora M 2016 Crash Kills 3 College Students on Medical Mission in Honduras New York Times A23

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Quantum Electronics
Abbreviation	Quantum Elec. (Woodbury)
ISSN (print)	1063-7818
ISSN (online)	1468-4799
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Statistical and Nonlinear Physics