How to format your references using the Quantum Electronics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quantum Electronics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Shoichet B K 2004 Virtual screening of chemical libraries Nature 432 862–5

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Budd G E and Telford M J 2009 The origin and evolution of arthropods Nature 457 812–7

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Vivier E, Nunès J A and Vély F 2004 Natural killer cell signaling pathways Science 306 1517–9

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Homma T, Ishibashi D, Nakagaki T, Fuse T, Sano K, Satoh K, Atarashi R and Nishida N 2014 Persistent prion infection disturbs the function of Oct-1, resulting in the down-regulation of murine interferon regulatory factor-3 Sci. Rep. 4 6006

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Vakkur N V and Herrera Z J 2013 Corporate Governance Regulation (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Rossi R and Margheritini F 2014 Knee Ligament Injuries: Extraarticular Surgical Techniques (Milano: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Cocchiarella N B 2010 Actualism Versus Possibilism in Formal Ontology Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives ed R Poli and J Seibt (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands) pp 105–17

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quantum Electronics.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A 2017 Messy Galaxy Is A Cosmic Mystery IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1989 Federal Research: The SEMATECH Consortium’s Start-up Activities (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Meijer K 2015 Let the Gods Dance: Transformation Through Haitian Dance Doctoral dissertation (Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

McKINLEY J C Jr 2016 Hip-Hop Artist, Accused of Being a Gang Leader, Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy and Weapons Charges New York Times A17

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Quantum Electronics
Abbreviation	Quantum Elec. (Woodbury)
ISSN (print)	1063-7818
ISSN (online)	1468-4799
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Statistical and Nonlinear Physics