How to format your references using the Quantitative Finance and Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quantitative Finance and Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilson SM (2013) Professional development for science teachers. Science 340: 310–313.

A journal article with 2 authors

Matsuura Y, Stewart M (2004) Structural basis for the assembly of a nuclear export complex. Nature 432: 872–877.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shimojo S, Kamitani Y, Nishida S (2001) Afterimage of perceptually filled-in surface. Science 293: 1677–1680.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yin L, Zhu M, Knoll AH, et al. (2007) Doushantuo embryos preserved inside diapause egg cysts. Nature 446: 661–663.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brunet R (2013) Sustainable Geography, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Mohammad A, Inamuddin (Eds.) (2012) Green Solvents II: Properties and Applications of Ionic Liquids, Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Beardall J, Raven JA (2016) Carbon Acquisition by Microalgae, In: Borowitzka MA, Beardall J, Raven JA (Eds.), The Physiology of Microalgae, Cham, Springer International Publishing, 89–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quantitative Finance and Economics.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2017) IFLScience, NASA Just Released Some Absolutely Spectacular New Photos Of Jupiter, 2017. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/here-are-some-lovely-new-pictures-of-jupiter/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Advanced Automation System: Implications of Problems and Recent Changes, Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Young W (2012) Diamagnetism of a supersonic rotating magnetized plasma.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2000) Battle Lines on Broadway: Little Slips vs. Big Type. New York Times 148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Quantitative Finance and Economics
ISSN (online)	2573-0134
Scope