How to format your references using the Biogeochemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biogeochemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Burgess D (2007) Taking on that first faculty job. Nature 447:1142

A journal article with 2 authors

Dutton A, Lambeck K (2012) Ice volume and sea level during the last interglacial. Science 337:216–219

A journal article with 3 authors

Basch ML, Bronner-Fraser M, García-Castro MI (2006) Specification of the neural crest occurs during gastrulation and requires Pax7. Nature 441:218–222

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Vose RS, Karl TR, Easterling DR, et al (2004) Climate (communication arising): impact of land-use change on climate. Nature 427:213–4; discussion 214

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Balmori D (2014) Drawing and Reinventing Landscape. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Tomás-Rodríguez M (2010) Linear, Time-varying Approximations to Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: with Applications in Control and Optimization. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Luong D-H, Outtagarts A, Hebbar A (2016) Traffic Monitoring in Software Defined Networks Using Opendaylight Controller. In: Boumerdassi S, Renault É, Bouzefrane S (eds) Mobile, Secure, and Programmable Networking: Second International Conference, MSPN 2016, Paris, France, June 1-3, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 38–48

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biogeochemistry.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) A ghostly trio of dying stars. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/ghostly-trio-dying-stars/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) Digests of Unpublished Decisions of the Comptroller General, Vol. III, No. 3. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ruettgers MM (2013) A Content Analysis to Investigate the Evidence of 21st Century Knowledge and Skills within Elementary Teacher Education Programs in the United States. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2014) High-Fives, Not High Reps. New York Times B12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Burgess 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Burgess 2007; Dutton and Lambeck 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dutton and Lambeck 2012)
Three or more authors: (Vose et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biogeochemistry
Abbreviation	Biogeochemistry
ISSN (print)	0168-2563
ISSN (online)	1573-515X
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes Environmental Chemistry Water Science and Technology

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