How to format your references using the Pulmonary Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pulmonary Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Brooks TM. Conservation: Mind the gaps. Nature. 2014;516:336–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Levens D, Gupta A. Molecular biology. Reliable noise. Science. 2010;327:1088–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bali E, Audétat A, Keppler H. Water and hydrogen are immiscible in Earth’s mantle. Nature. 2013;495:220–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Turner G, Harrison TM, Holland G, Mojzsis SJ, Gilmour J. Extinct 244Pu in ancient zircons. Science. 2004;306:89–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Elias H-G. Macromolecules. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2006.

An edited book

1. Campora J, Giambastiani G, editors. Olefin Upgrading Catalysis by Nitrogen-based Metal Complexes I: State-of-the-art and Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lind G. Fostering Minerals Workforce Skills of Tomorrow through Education and Training Partnerships. In: Mackey PJ, Grimsey EJ, Jones RT, Brooks GA, editors. Celebrating the Megascale: Proceedings of the Extraction and Processing Division Symposium on Pyrometallurgy in Honor of David GC Robertson. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 77–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pulmonary Therapy.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. China Joins Search For Intelligent Life With World’s Biggest Radio Telescope [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/china-joins-search-for-intelligent-life/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Biological Research: Observations on DHS’s Analyses Concerning Whether FMD Research Can Be Done as Safely on the Mainland as on Plum Island. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Jul. Report No.: GAO-09-747.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Flores D. The EastSide Café: A liberated learning zone [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Habeas Corpus Case Turns On Buttons Worn at Trial. New York Times. 2006 Apr 18;A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pulmonary Therapy
Abbreviation	Pulm. Ther.
ISSN (print)	2364-1754
ISSN (online)	2364-1746
Scope