How to format your references using the Public Health Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Public Health Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

von Huene R. Geophysics. When seamounts subduct. Science 2008;321:1165–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smetacek V, Cloern JE. Oceans. On phytoplankton trends. Science 2008;319:1346–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hamilton MJ, Walker RS, Kesler DC. Crash and rebound of indigenous populations in lowland South America. Sci Rep 2014;4:4541.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hsu KF, Loo S, Guo F, Chen W, Dyck JS, Uher C, et al. Cubic AgPb(m)SbTe(2+m): bulk thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit. Science 2004;303:818–21.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown M, Cutler TJ. Haematology Nursing. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Moriarty P, Gauthier S, editors. Imaging and Manipulation of Adsorbates Using Dynamic Force Microscopy: Proceedings from the AtMol Conference Series, Nottingham, UK, April 16-17, 2013. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Slota M, Baláž M, Leite J. On Supporting Strong and Default Negation in Answer-Set Program Updates. In: Bazzan ALC, Pichara K, editors. Advances in Artificial Intelligence -- IBERAMIA 2014: 14th Ibero-American Conference on AI, Santiago de Chile, Chile, November 24-27, 2014, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 41–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Public Health Research.

Blog post

Carpineti A. First ‘Wind Nebula’ Seen Around a Magnetar. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Budget: Carryover Balances for Selected Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams B. The Impact on Reunification for Families with Incarcerated Parents: A Policy Analysis of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2017; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. Bouchard Is Out, but Her Concussion Suit From the 2015 Open Goes On. New York Times 2016:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Public Health Research
Abbreviation	Public Health Res. (Southampt)
ISSN (print)	2050-4381
ISSN (online)	2050-439X
Scope