How to format your references using the Public Health Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Public Health Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kreeger K. At last, a chance for postdocs to learn how to teach. Nature 2002;415:5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lubin D, Vogelmann AM. A climatologically significant aerosol longwave indirect effect in the Arctic. Nature 2006;439:453–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamaguchi M, Shiga M, Kaburaki H. Grain boundary decohesion by impurity segregation in a nickel-sulfur system. Science 2005;307:393–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang J-B, Cai Z-C, Zhu T-B, Yang W-Y, Müller C. Mechanisms for the retention of inorganic N in acidic forest soils of southern China. Sci Rep 2013;3:2342.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hein H, Kunze W. Umweltanalytik mit Spektrometrie und Chromatographie. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Body-Gendrot S, Spierenburg P, editors. Violence in Europe. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Melonakos J, Mohan V, Niethammer M, Smith K, Kubicki M, Tannenbaum A. Finsler Tractography for White Matter Connectivity Analysis of the Cingulum Bundle. In: Ayache N, Ourselin S, Maeder A, editors. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007: 10th International Conference, Brisbane, Australia, October 29 - November 2, 2007, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 36–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Public Health Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists have made light appear to break Newton’s third law. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/scientists-have-made-light-appear-break-newton’s-third-law/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Acquisitions: Actions Needed to Expand and Sustain Use of Best Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kurulugama RT. Overtone mobility spectrometry. Doctoral dissertation, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University; 2009; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. ‘Mixed Results’ for U.S.; Uncertain Future for Coach. New York Times 2010:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Public Health Research
Abbreviation	Public Health Res. (Southampt)
ISSN (print)	2050-4381
ISSN (online)	2050-439X
Scope