How to format your references using the Psychological Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychological Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stocker TF (2013) Climate change. The closing door of climate targets. Science (New York, N.Y.) 339, 280–282.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tanaka KD, Ueda K (2005) Horsfield’s hawk-cuckoo nestlings simulate multiple gapes for begging. Science (New York, N.Y.) 308, 653.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hannon JB, Tersoff J, Tromp RM (2002) Surface stress and thermodynamic nanoscale size selection. Science (New York, N.Y.) 295, 299–301.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Liu Y, Sun L, Zhou X, Luo Y, Huang W, Yang C, Wang Y, Huang T (2014) A 1400-year terrigenous dust record on a coral island in South China Sea. Scientific reports 4, 4994.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Makower T (2014) Touching the City. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Leung CB, Ruan J (eds) (2012) Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Chinese Literacy in China. vol 2 Multilingual Education Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Gendler R, Christensen LL, Malin D (2011) The Southern Spring. In Treasures of the Southern Sky (ed. L. L. Christensen and D. Malin) , pp 166–207 New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychological Medicine.

Blog post

Taub B (2015) NASA Releases Stunning Half-Hour Ultra HD Video Of The Sun. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/stunning-hd-video-of-sun/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) NASA: Issues Surrounding the Transition from the Space Shuttle to the Next Generation of Human Space Flight Systems.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cervantes-Kelly MD (2010) Translation and interpretation as a means to improve bilingual high school students’ English and Spanish academic language proficiency. Doctoral dissertation. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmitt E, Qiu L (2017) Digging Into Argument For a Wall on the Border. New York Times 27 April A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stocker, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Tanaka and Ueda, 2005; Stocker, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tanaka and Ueda, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychological Medicine
Abbreviation	Psychol. Med.
ISSN (print)	0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health Applied Psychology