How to format your references using the Psychiatric Services citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychiatric Services. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Quirrenbach A: Astronomy. Seeing the surfaces of stars. Science 317: 325–326, 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

Coates JC, de Bono M: Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body fluid regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 419: 925–929, 2002.

A journal article with 3 authors

Naeem S, Hahn DR, Schuurman G: Producer-decomposer co-dependency influences biodiversity effects. Nature 403: 762–764, 2000.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lin Q-Y, Mason JA, Li Z, et al.: Building superlattices from individual nanoparticles via template-confined DNA-mediated assembly. Science 359: 669–672, 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lunt RR, Cunic JD: Profiles in Flue Gas Desulfurization. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000

An edited book

Marechal E, Roy S, Lafanechère L (eds): Chemogenomics and Chemical Genetics: A User’s Introduction for Biologists, Chemists and Informaticians. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2011

A chapter in an edited book

Bunjes H, Müller-Goymann CC: Microsystems for Emulsification; in Microsystems for Pharmatechnology: Manipulation of Fluids, Particles, Droplets, and Cells. Edited by Dietzel A. Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychiatric Services.

Blog post

Hale T: Why Do Dogs Tilt Their Heads When We Talk To Them? IFLScience. , 2015.Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-do-dogs-tilt-their-heads-when-we-talk-them/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Aircraft Development: The Advanced Tactical Fighter’s Costs, Schedule, and Performance Goals. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Giuseffi FG: Investigation of the Influence of the Socratic Method on Leadership Skills among JROTC Cadet Leaders at a Military Boarding School [Doctoral dissertation]. St. Charles, MO, Lindenwood University, 2014

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S: Moscow Broadcast Tower Is Seen as Endangered. New York Times. C3, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychiatric Services
Abbreviation	Psychiatr. Serv.
ISSN (print)	1075-2730
ISSN (online)	1557-9700
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health