How to format your references using the Prostate International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Prostate International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pillarisetty R. Academic and industry research progress in germanium nanodevices. Nature. 2011;479(7373):324-328.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cande SC, Stegman DR. Indian and African plate motions driven by the push force of the Réunion plume head. Nature. 2011;475(7354):47-52.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cravatt BF, Simon GM, Yates JR 3rd. The biological impact of mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. Nature. 2007;450(7172):991-1000.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fischer J, Koch L, Emmerling C, et al. Inactivation of the Fto gene protects from obesity. Nature. 2009;458(7240):894-898.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Teodorescu P, Stănescu ND, Pandrea N. Numerical Analysis with Applications in Mechanics and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Ambos-Spies K, Löwe B, Merkle W, eds. Mathematical Theory and Computational Practice: 5th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2009, Heidelberg, Germany, July 19-24, 2009. Proceedings. Vol 5635. Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Hawley TS. Self-Study Methodology as a Means Toward Ongoing Rationale Development and Refinement. In: Crowe AR, ed. Advancing Social Studies Education through Self-Study Methodology: The Power, Promise, and Use of Self-Study in Social Studies Education. Self Study of Teaching and Teacher Education Practices. Springer Netherlands; 2010:55-70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Prostate International.

Blog post

Andrew D. What’s The Point Of Sex? It’s Good For Your Physical, Social And Mental Health. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Teacher Preparation Programs: Survey of State Entities That Oversee Teacher Preparation Programs (GAO-15-599SP, July 2015), an E-Supplement to GAO-15-598. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rendleman AJ. Energetics of Physiological Plasticity during Larval Development of the Sand Dollar, Dendraster Excentricus. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. One Direction Ties A Beatles Record. New York Times. October 30, 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Prostate International
Abbreviation	Prostate Int.
ISSN (print)	2287-8882
Scope	Urology

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