How to format your references using the Prostate International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Prostate International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vargas-Parada L. Pathology: Three questions. Nature. 2012;488(7413):S14-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bucher G, Sander W. Physical chemistry. Clarifying the structure of carbonic acid. Science. 2014;346(6209):544-545.

A journal article with 3 authors

Connors M, Wiegert P, Veillet C. Earth’s Trojan asteroid. Nature. 2011;475(7357):481-483.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mecklenbräuker I, Kalled SL, Leitges M, Mackay F, Tarakhovsky A. Regulation of B-cell survival by BAFF-dependent PKCdelta-mediated nuclear signalling. Nature. 2004;431(7007):456-461.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Owen JS, Fiedler-Kelly J. Introduction to Population Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Analysis with Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014.

An edited book

Younos T, Parece TE, eds. Advances in Watershed Science and Assessment. Vol 33. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Norcliffe E, Konopka AE. Vision and Language in Cross-Linguistic Research on Sentence Production. In: Mishra RK, Srinivasan N, Huettig F, eds. Attention and Vision in Language Processing. Springer India; 2015:77-96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Prostate International.

Blog post

Andrew E. 5 Diseases You Should Be More Afraid Of Than Ebola. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Digital Television Transition: Information on the Implementation of the Converter Box Subsidy Program and Consumer Participation in the Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Klimek DL. Antigone’s Reach: A Feminine Model for Today’s Businesswoman. Doctoral dissertation. Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Aikins M. Reading the Wreckage. New York Times. May 17, 2016:MM37.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Prostate International
Abbreviation	Prostate Int.
ISSN (print)	2287-8882
Scope	Urology