How to format your references using the Progress in Quantum Electronics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Quantum Electronics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

O. Heffernan, The dry facts, Nature 501 (2013) S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K. Henzler-Wildman, D. Kern, Dynamic personalities of proteins, Nature 450 (2007) 964–972.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Mizutani, J.S. Chahl, M.V. Srinivasan, Insect behaviour: Motion camouflage in dragonflies, Nature 423 (2003) 604.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K.B. Louie, B.P. Bowen, S. McAlhany, Y. Huang, J.C. Price, J.-H. Mao, M. Hellerstein, T.R. Northen, Mass spectrometry imaging for in situ kinetic histochemistry, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1656.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L.L. Klepinger, Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

I. Elhanany, M. Hamdi, eds., High-performance Packet Switching Architectures, Springer, London, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

W. Abtew, A. Melesse, Vapor Pressure Calculation Methods, in: A. Melesse (Ed.), Evaporation and Evapotranspiration: Measurements and Estimations, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2013: pp. 53–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Quantum Electronics.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Male Spiders Who Bring “Nuptial Gifts” Are Cannibalized Less, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Tax Systems Modernization: Program Status and Comments on IRS’ Portion of President’s Request For Fiscal Year 1993 Supplemental Funds, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. Li, Growth Prediction of New Fractures in the Shadows of Existing Hydraulic Fractures in Shale Gas Formations, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.J.O. Murphy, When the Loch Ness Monster Was in The Times, New York Times (2016) C28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Quantum Electronics
Abbreviation	Prog. Quantum Electron.
ISSN (print)	0079-6727
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Statistical and Nonlinear Physics