How to format your references using the Progress in Quantum Electronics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Quantum Electronics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. Grayson, Breast cancer, Nature 485 (2012) S49.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

B.W. Lee, N.A. Clark, Alignment of liquid crystals with patterned isotropic surfaces, Science 291 (2001) 2576–2580.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.D. Pluth, R.G. Bergman, K.N. Raymond, Acid catalysis in basic solution: a supramolecular host promotes orthoformate hydrolysis, Science 316 (2007) 85–88.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.M. Watts, K.K. Dang, R.J. Gorelick, C.W. Leonard, J.W. Bess Jr, R. Swanstrom, C.L. Burch, K.M. Weeks, Architecture and secondary structure of an entire HIV-1 RNA genome, Nature 460 (2009) 711–716.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

K. Scott, Sustainable and Green Electrochemical Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

V. Valderrabano, M. Easley, eds., Foot and Ankle Sports Orthopaedics, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S. Pfeiffer, T. Green, HTML5 Video and Canvas, in: T. Green (Ed.), Beginning HTML5 Media: Make the Most of the New Video and Audio Standards for the Web, Apress, Berkeley, CA, 2015: pp. 191–226.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Quantum Electronics.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Researchers Can Seek And Destroy Genes Controlling Bacterial “Shields,” IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, CEC Sale of Federal Spectrum, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. Hall, The use of art therapy to address psychosocial stress among men living with HIV: A grant proposal project, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Poniewozik, Sci-Fi Western on HBO? Yes, It’s Dark, New York Times (2016) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Quantum Electronics
Abbreviation	Prog. Quantum Electron.
ISSN (print)	0079-6727
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Statistical and Nonlinear Physics