How to format your references using the Progress in Earth and Planetary Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Laybourn-Parry J. Microbiology. No place too cold. Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1521–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ren W, Cheng H-M. Materials science: when two is better than one. Nature. 2013 May 23;497(7450):448–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sadeghi O, Zakharov LN, Nyman M. Crystal growth. Aqueous formation and manipulation of the iron-oxo Keggin ion. Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1359–62.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mu J, Duan J, Makova KD, Joy DA, Huynh CQ, Branch OH, et al. Chromosome-wide SNPs reveal an ancient origin for Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 2002 Jul 18;418(6895):323–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ruehli AE, Antonini G, Jiang L. Circuit Oriented Electromagnetic Modeling Using the Peec Techniques. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Zeimpekis V, Ichoua S, Minis I, editors. Humanitarian and Relief Logistics: Research Issues, Case Studies and Future Trends. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Williams J. Student Feedback on the Experience of Higher Education. In: Menon ME, Terkla DG, Gibbs P, editors. Using Data to Improve Higher Education: Research, Policy and Practice. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2014. p. 67–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Earth and Planetary Science.

Blog post

Andrew E. For Ocean Animals, ‘Death By Plastic’ Could Be Occurring More Frequently [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ocean-animals-‘death-plastic’-could-be-occurring-more-frequently/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Summary Analysis of Federal Commercial Aviation Taxes and Fees. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 Mar. Report No.: GAO-04-406R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cong M. Predictive models of cytotoxicity as mediated by exposure to environmental toxicants and drugs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. The Skipper Is Waiting. New York Times. 2010 Jul 2;C29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Laybourn-Parry 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Laybourn-Parry 2009; Ren and Cheng 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ren and Cheng 2013)
Three or more authors: (Mu et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Abbreviation	Prog. Earth Planet. Sci.
ISSN (online)	2197-4284
Scope