How to format your references using the Progress in Earth and Planetary Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donnelly P. Genome-sequencing anniversary. Making sense of the data. Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1024–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lincoln TA, Joyce GF. Self-sustained replication of an RNA enzyme. Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1229–32.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saper CB, Scammell TE, Lu J. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature. 2005 Oct 27;437(7063):1257–63.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Knauth DC, Andersson B-G, McCandliss SR, Moos HW. The interstellar N2 abundance towards HD 124314 from far-ultraviolet observations. Nature. 2004 Jun 10;429(6992):636–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McLeod LE. Leading with Noble Purpose. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

Taxman FS, Pattavina A, editors. Simulation Strategies to Reduce Recidivism: Risk Need Responsivity (RNR) Modeling for the Criminal Justice System. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Friedman Y, Scarr T. The algebraic structure of homogeneous balls. In: Scarr T, editor. Physical Applications of Homogeneous Balls. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2005. p. 195–236.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Earth and Planetary Science.

Blog post

Andrew E. Millions Of Baby Spiders Rain Down From The Sky In Australia [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/million-baby-spiders-rain-down-sky-australia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Aviation Administration: Preliminary Observations of Potential Air Traffic Control Restructuring Transition Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Feb. Report No.: GAO-16-386R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pikiewicz KA. I never knew I had expectations until I realized they weren’t going to come true: A grounded theory study of mothering a chronically ill child [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowen T, Itzkoff D, Vanderbilt T, Spitznagel E, Hodgman J, Reeves H, et al. The One-Page Magazine. New York Times. 2012 Sep 16;MM11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Donnelly 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Donnelly 2011; Lincoln and Joyce 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lincoln and Joyce 2009)
Three or more authors: (Knauth et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Abbreviation	Prog. Earth Planet. Sci.
ISSN (online)	2197-4284
Scope