How to format your references using the Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Johnston AWB. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY. Who can cleave DMSP? Science. 2015;348(6242):1430-1431.

A journal article with 2 authors

Waterhouse PM, Fusaro AF. Plant science. Viruses face a double defense by plant small RNAs. Science. 2006;313(5783):54-55.

A journal article with 3 authors

Filchak KE, Roethele JB, Feder JL. Natural selection and sympatric divergence in the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature. 2000;407(6805):739-742.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Meng H, Xie WJ, Jiang ZQ, Podobnik B, Zhou WX, Stanley HE. Systemic risk and spatiotemporal dynamics of the US housing market. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3655.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee. Positive Displacement Pumps. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Floriani LD, Spagnuolo M, eds. Shape Analysis and Structuring. Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Nguyen VT, Vu H, Tran TH. An Efficient Combination of RGB and Depth for Background Subtraction. In: Dang QA, Nguyen XH, Le HB, Nguyen VH, Bao VNQ, eds. Some Current Advanced Researches on Information and Computer Science in Vietnam: Post-Proceedings of The First NAFOSTED Conference on Information and Computer Science. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing; 2015:49-63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. Time Might Be Running Backwards Inside Black Holes. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Airspace System: Setting On-Time Performance Targets at Congested Airports Could Help Focus FAA’s Actions. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sandoval V. Preventing Chronic Truancy among Latino High School Students: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Back Home, Crashing on a Couch and Dreaming of Rap Greatness. New York Times. September 5, 2016:C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Abbreviation	Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0033-0620
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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