How to format your references using the Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nadis S. Top physicist crosses to Boston in search of like minds. Nature. 2000;404(6780):798.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yu XM, Luo L. Neuroscience. dSarm-ing axon degeneration. Science. 2012;337(6093):418-419.

A journal article with 3 authors

Robinson JWA, Witt JDS, Blamire MG. Controlled injection of spin-triplet supercurrents into a strong ferromagnet. Science. 2010;329(5987):59-61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lodahl P, Floris Van Driel A, Nikolaev IS, et al. Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals. Nature. 2004;430(7000):654-657.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hickey R. A Dictionary of Varieties of English. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

Beck DE, Wexner SD, Hull TL, et al., eds. The ASCRS Manual of Colon and Rectal Surgery. 2nd ed. 2014. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Salvati S. Recognizability in the Simply Typed Lambda-Calculus. In: Ono H, Kanazawa M, Queiroz R de, eds. Logic, Language, Information and Computation: 16th International Workshop, WoLLIC 2009, Tokyo, Japan, June 21-24, 2009. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2009:48-60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Blog post

Andrews R. “Mean Girl” Meerkats Reign Over Their Mobs Like Crazed Dictators. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Test and Evaluation: DOD Has Been Slow In Improving Testing of Software-Intensive Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen C. A Psychoeducational Support Group for Vietnamese American Family Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: Grant Writing Thesis Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Verghese A. Baby Steps. New York Times. June 23, 2017:BR16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Abbreviation	Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0033-0620
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine