How to format your references using the Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hunter T. Retrospective. Tony Pawson (1952-2013). Science. 2013;341(6150):1078.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mittal S, Hafezi M. Materials science: Round the bend with microwaves. Nature. 2015;522(7556):292-293.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ridgwell AJ, Kennedy MJ, Caldeira K. Carbonate deposition, climate stability, and Neoproterozoic ice ages. Science. 2003;302(5646):859-862.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Parker AR, McPhedran RC, McKenzie DR, Botten LC, Nicorovici NA. Photonic engineering. Aphrodite’s iridescence. Nature. 2001;409(6816):36-37.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Degner R, Leibl S. pH Messen. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Ducheine PAL, Schmitt MN, Osinga FPB, eds. Targeting: The Challenges of Modern Warfare. 1st ed. 2016. T.M.C. Asser Press; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Wainer R. The Dignity of Children: How to Evaluate Bodies’ (Im)Permeability. In: Warren N, Manderson L, eds. Reframing Disability and Quality of Life: A Global Perspective. Social Indicators Research Series. Springer Netherlands; 2013:61-78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. Human Population Predicted To Reach 12 Billion By 2100. IFLScience. September 19, 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. GSA’s Effort to Develop Year 2000 Business Continuity and Contingency Plans for Telecommunications Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia AD. Long-Term Shifts in Adolescent Nicotine Reward Following Early Methylphenidate Exposure in Male and Female Rats. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. Arts, Briefly; Bolshoi Opens Controversial Opera. New York Times. March 24, 2005:E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Abbreviation	Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0033-0620
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine