How to format your references using the Production Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Production Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Polaszek A (2005) A universal register for animal names. Nature 437:477

A journal article with 2 authors

Smith IB, Holt JW (2010) Onset and migration of spiral troughs on Mars revealed by orbital radar. Nature 465:450–453

A journal article with 3 authors

Seidel HS, Rockman MV, Kruglyak L (2008) Widespread genetic incompatibility in C. elegans maintained by balancing selection. Science 319:589–594

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Heath J, Ayres E, Possell M, et al (2005) Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces sequestration of root-derived soil carbon. Science 309:1711–1713

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prutchi D, Prutchi SR (2012) Exploring Quantum Physics Through Hands-On Projects. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Elwell CE, Leung TS, Harrison DK (2016) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVII. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Taylor LD (2010) Stability of U.S. Consumption Expenditure Patterns: 1996–1999. In: Houthakker HS (ed) Consumer Demand in the United States: Prices, Income, and Consumption Behavior. Springer, New York, NY, pp 89–106

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Production Engineering.

Blog post

Hale T (2015) Tech Start-Up Creates Environmentally Friendly And Meat-Free Cheeseburgers. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/tech-start-create-environmentally-friendly-and-meat-free-cheeseburgers/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Space Station: NASA Efforts To Establish a Design-To-Life-Cycle Cost Process. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wahid R (2012) Quality of life of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S (2015) America’s Tea Culture Blossoms. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Production Engineering
ISSN (print)	0944-6524
ISSN (online)	1863-7353
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering