How to format your references using the Production Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Production Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tepass U (2014) Developmental biology: Polarize to elongate. Nature 515:499–501

A journal article with 2 authors

Tsou M-FB, Stearns T (2006) Mechanism limiting centrosome duplication to once per cell cycle. Nature 442:947–951

A journal article with 3 authors

Ren A, Rajashankar KR, Patel DJ (2012) Fluoride ion encapsulation by Mg2+ ions and phosphates in a fluoride riboswitch. Nature 486:85–89

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Abouchami W, Hofmann AW, Galer SJG, et al (2005) Lead isotopes reveal bilateral asymmetry and vertical continuity in the Hawaiian mantle plume. Nature 434:851–856

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stanoyevitch A (2004) Introduction to Numerical Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations Using MATLAB®. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Iyoda J, Moura L de (2013) Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications: 16th Brazilian Symposium, SBMF 2013, Brasilia, Brazil, September 29 - October 4, 2013, Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Chibbaro S, Rondoni L, Vulpiani A (2014) Determinism, Chaos and Reductionism. In: Rondoni L, Vulpiani A (eds) Reductionism, Emergence and Levels of Reality: The Importance of Being Borderline. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 99–120

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Production Engineering.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2017) NASA Just Revealed 12 New Astronauts - But No One Knows Where They’re Going. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-just-revealed-12-new-astronauts-but-no-one-knows-where-theyre-going/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Information Technology: Justice Plans to Improve Oversight of Agency Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crozier CF (2012) A qualitative study of teacher job satisfaction in an evolutionary and mandated change environment. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pennington B (2016) After the Heisman, a Long, Lonely Slide. New York Times B8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Production Engineering
ISSN (print)	0944-6524
ISSN (online)	1863-7353
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering