How to format your references using the Production Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Production Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vinge JD (2000) Murphy’s cat. Nature 408:649

A journal article with 2 authors

Yusufzai T, Kadonaga JT (2008) HARP is an ATP-driven annealing helicase. Science 322:748–750

A journal article with 3 authors

Toope SJ, Tan CC, Fedoroff NV (2012) Science in Asia. Improving Asia-Pacific science collaboration. Science 336:38–39

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Burresi M, van Oosten D, Kampfrath T, et al (2009) Probing the magnetic field of light at optical frequencies. Science 326:550–553

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bard J, Kovarik VJ Jr (2007) Software Defined Radio. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

R TMD, A CMG (2014) Pressure Ulcers in the Aging Population: A Guide for Clinicians. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

A chapter in an edited book

Kuusisto F, Costa VS, Nassif H, et al (2014) Support Vector Machines for Differential Prediction. In: Calders T, Esposito F, Hüllermeier E, Meo R (eds) Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2014, Nancy, France, September 15-19, 2014. Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 50–65

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Production Engineering.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Test Confirms There’s a Huge Hot Bubble Of Gas Caused By A Supernova In Our Galaxy. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Title 6 T&A Data (NASA). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wiggins BB (2017) Using Induced Signals to Develop a Position-Sensitive Microchannel Plate Detector. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly D (1993) IN SHORT: NONFICTION. New York Times 732

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Production Engineering
ISSN (print)	0944-6524
ISSN (online)	1863-7353
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering