How to format your references using the Processes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Processes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bird, A. Perceptions of Epigenetics. Nature 2007, 447, 396–398.

A journal article with 2 authors

Trachenko, K.; Brazhkin, V.V. Duality of Liquids. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2188.

A journal article with 3 authors

Galdi, S.; Arcuri, L.; Gawronski, B. Automatic Mental Associations Predict Future Choices of Undecided Decision-Makers. Science 2008, 321, 1100–1102.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Men, Z.; Fang, W.; Li, D.; Li, Z.; Sun, C. Raman Spectra from Symmetric Hydrogen Bonds in Water by High-Intensity Laser-Induced Breakdown. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4606.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hayward, A.; Weare, F. Steel Detailers’ Manual; Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK, 2010; ISBN 9781444393286.

An edited book

Rios, P. de M. Symbol Correspondences for Spin Systems; Straume, E., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; ISBN 9783319081977.

A chapter in an edited book

Thomas, H.; Brecht, R.; Markscheffel, B.; Bode, S.; Spekowius, K. TMchartis – A Tool Set for Designing Multiple Problem-Oriented Visualizations for Topic Maps. In Scaling Topic Maps: Third International Conference on Topic Maps Research and Applications, TMRA 2007 Leipzig, Germany, October 11-12, 2007 Revised Selected Papers; Maicher, L., Garshol, L.M., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; pp. 36–40 ISBN 9783540708735.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Processes.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Contact Re-Established With Bill Nye’s LightSail (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Aviation Safety: Opportunities Exist for FAA to Refine the Controller Staffing Process; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1997;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Black, A.M. Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ohio Statewide Agricultural Leadership Program. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University: Columbus, OH, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky, L. Sound Garden. New York Times 2012, M278.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Processes
Abbreviation	Processes (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2227-9717
Scope