How to format your references using the Processes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Processes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weissman, J. Journal Club. A Biochemist Looks at How DNA Sequencing Can Reveal More than Just Sequences. Nature 2009, 461, 1177.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dobson, D.P.; Brodholt, J.P. Subducted Banded Iron Formations as a Source of Ultralow-Velocity Zones at the Core-Mantle Boundary. Nature 2005, 434, 371–374.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cabanes, C.; Cazenave, A.; Le Provost, C. Sea Level Rise during Past 40 Years Determined from Satellite and in Situ Observations. Science 2001, 294, 840–842.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sun, H.; Ringdahl, U.; Homeister, J.W.; Fay, W.P.; Engleberg, N.C.; Yang, A.Y.; Rozek, L.S.; Wang, X.; Sjöbring, U.; Ginsburg, D. Plasminogen Is a Critical Host Pathogenicity Factor for Group A Streptococcal Infection. Science 2004, 305, 1283–1286.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Teodorescu, P.P.; Kecs, W.W.; Toma, A. Distribution Theory; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2013; ISBN 9783527653614.

An edited book

Baracca, A. Subalternity vs. Hegemony, Cuba’s Outstanding Achievements in Science and Biotechnology, 1959-2014; Franconi, R., Ed.; SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; ISBN 9783319406084.

A chapter in an edited book

Zupanc, G.K.H. Adult Neurogenesis in Teleost Fish. In Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain I: Neurobiology; Seki, T., Sawamoto, K., Parent, J.M., Alvarez-Buylla, A., Eds.; Springer Japan: Tokyo, 2011; pp. 137–167 ISBN 9784431539322.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Processes.

Blog post

Andrews, R. Volcanoes Almost Certainly Didn’t Kill Off The Dinosaurs Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/volcanism-almost-certainly-didnt-acidify-oceans-and-kill-dinosaurs/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Emergency Transit Assistance: Federal Funding for Recent Disasters, and Options for the Future; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2008;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thixton, H.L. Identification of Site-Specific Mycorrhizal Fungi Associates of the Federally Threatened Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera Leucophaea) in Illinois. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University: Edwardsville, IL, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bailey, B. Lost and Found. New York Times 2017, BR22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Processes
Abbreviation	Processes (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2227-9717
Scope