How to format your references using the Preventive Veterinary Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Preventive Veterinary Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage, N., 2011. Algae: The scum solution. Nature 474, S15-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yin, Y., Alivisatos, A.P., 2005. Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic-inorganic interface. Nature 437, 664–670.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, J.Y., Engelman, J.A., Cantley, L.C., 2007. Biochemistry. PI3K charges ahead. Science 317, 206–207.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Seal, R.P., Wang, X., Guan, Y., Raja, S.N., Woodbury, C.J., Basbaum, A.I., Edwards, R.H., 2009. Injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity requires C-low threshold mechanoreceptors. Nature 462, 651–655.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Andresen, R., Oades, L.G., Caputi, P., 2011. Psychological Recovery. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

van Aartsengel, A., 2013. Handbook on Continuous Improvement Transformation: The Lean Six Sigma Framework and Systematic Methodology for Implementation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Herath, D., Secchi, D., Homberg, F., 2016. The Effects of Disorganization on Goals and Problem Solving, in: Secchi, D., Neumann, M. (Eds.), Agent-Based Simulation of Organizational Behavior: New Frontiers of Social Science Research. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 63–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Preventive Veterinary Medicine.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. Garlic, Onions and Cow Stomach: A Medieval Solution for Modern Superbugs [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2000. Commercial Motor Vehicles: Effectiveness of Actions Being Taken to Improve Motor Carrier Safety Is Unknown (No. RCED-00-189). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Duncan, E.A., 2017. Environmental controls of black abalone body temperature determine risks of thermal stress and disease (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Santora, M., 2014. Gay Groups to March in St. Patrick’s Day Parade as a Ban Falls. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Savage, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Savage, 2011; Yin and Alivisatos, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yin and Alivisatos, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Seal et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Preventive Veterinary Medicine
Abbreviation	Prev. Vet. Med.
ISSN (print)	0167-5877
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Food Animals