How to format your references using the Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

O’Neill, L. A. J. 2013. “Immunology. Sensing the dark side of DNA.” Science, 339 (6121): 763–764.

A journal article with 2 authors

Apostolou, E., and K. Hochedlinger. 2013. “Chromatin dynamics during cellular reprogramming.” Nature, 502 (7472): 462–471.

A journal article with 3 authors

Palenzuela, C., L. Lehner, and S. L. Liebling. 2010. “Dual jets from binary black holes.” Science, 329 (5994): 927–930.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wu, H., K. van Kuyck, T. Tambuyzer, L. Luyten, J.-M. Aerts, and B. Nuttin. 2014. “Rethinking food anticipatory activity in the activity-based anorexia rat model.” Sci. Rep., 4: 3929.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Corrigan, P. W., D. Roe, and H. W. H. Tsang. 2011. Challenging the Stigma of Mental Illness. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Brun del Re, R. (Ed.). 2010. Minimally Invasive Breast Biopsies. Recent Results in Cancer Research. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhao, Z., and S. Sun. 2012. “6-DOF Robot Kinematics Analysis and PTP Motion Control Study Based on Matlab.” Advances in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering: Volume 1, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, D. Jin and S. Lin, eds., 21–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2017. “We Finally Know What Cats’ Facial Expressions Mean.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/finally-know-cats-facial-expressions-mean/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. Federal Research: The SEMATECH Consortium’s Start-up Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pearson, R. S. 2008. “Relationship Banking in a Competitive Environment With and Without Information Sharing: The Importance of Credit Bureaus in Microfinance.” Doctoral dissertation. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. 2012. “Experts Fear Life Insurers Are Courting Reserve Risk.” New York Times, November 30, 2012.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (O’Neill 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Apostolou and Hochedlinger 2013; O’Neill 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Apostolou and Hochedlinger 2013)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
ISSN (print)	1084-0680
ISSN (online)	1943-5576
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Civil and Structural Engineering Building and Construction