How to format your references using the Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. 2005. “Recruiters and industry. Microsoft’s European perspective.” Nature, 434 (7035): 938.

A journal article with 2 authors

Soutoglou, E., and T. Misteli. 2008. “Activation of the cellular DNA damage response in the absence of DNA lesions.” Science, 320 (5882): 1507–1510.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ganesh, G., R. Osu, and E. Naito. 2013. “Feeling the force: returning haptic signals influence effort inference during motor coordination.” Sci. Rep., 3: 2648.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Maga, G., G. Villani, E. Crespan, U. Wimmer, E. Ferrari, B. Bertocci, and U. Hübscher. 2007. “8-oxo-guanine bypass by human DNA polymerases in the presence of auxiliary proteins.” Nature, 447 (7144): 606–608.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hallberg, M. C. 2008. Economic Trends in U.S. Agriculture and Food Systems Since World War II. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State University Press.

An edited book

Harriss-White, B. (Ed.). 2016. Middle India and Urban-Rural Development: Four Decades of Change. Exploring Urban Change in South Asia. New Delhi: Springer India.

A chapter in an edited book

Raoprasert, T., and S. M. N. Islam. 2010. “Preliminary Data Analysis and Results: Descriptive Statistics and Reliability Tests.” Designing an Efficient Management System: Modeling of Convergence Factors Exemplified by the Case of Japanese Businesses in Thailand, Contributions to Management Science, S. M. N. Islam, ed., 95–110. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. “Hang Gliders Could Be Heading To Mars.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/hang-gliders-mars/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1995. Amtrak: Deteriorated Financial and Operating Conditions Threaten Long-Term Viability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Douville, S. 2014. “The lived experience of being a European wife to a U.S. Marine: A heuristic study.” Doctoral dissertation. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rosen, J. 2012. “Who Do They Think You Are?” New York Times, November 30, 2012.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2005; Soutoglou and Misteli 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Soutoglou and Misteli 2008)
Three or more authors: (Maga et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
ISSN (print)	1084-0680
ISSN (online)	1943-5576
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Civil and Structural Engineering Building and Construction