How to format your references using the Practical Laboratory Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Practical Laboratory Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. Newman, Applied mathematics. The power of design, Nature. 405 (2000) 412–413.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Maceyka, S. Spiegel, Sphingolipid metabolites in inflammatory disease, Nature. 510 (2014) 58–67.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Poot-Salazar, Á. Hernández-Flores, P.-L. Ardisson, Use of the SLW index to calculate growth function in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5151.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Zhao, S. Araki, J. Wu, T. Teramoto, Y.-F. Chang, M. Nakano, A.S. Abdelfattah, M. Fujiwara, T. Ishihara, T. Nagai, R.E. Campbell, An expanded palette of genetically encoded Ca²⁺ indicators, Science. 333 (2011) 1888–1891.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S.H. Lui, Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

T.L. Hughes, Identifying, Assessing, and Treating Conduct Disorder at School, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G.T. Swanson, R. Sakai, Ligands for Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors, in: N. Fusetani, W. Kem (Eds.), Marine Toxins as Research Tools, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009: pp. 123–157.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Practical Laboratory Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Eight Hours Is Enough – More Sleep Could Lead To An Early Grave, IFLScience. (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, FCC: Implementation of Competitive Bidding for Commercial Broadcast and Instructional Television Fixed Service Licenses, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. Burgner, Bullying prevention: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Cowley, M. Corkery, After Scandal, Wells Fargo’s Board Faces a Contentious Re-election Vote, New York Times. (2017) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Practical Laboratory Medicine
Abbreviation	Pract. Lab. Med.
ISSN (print)	2352-5517
Scope

Research and Writing Guides