How to format your references using the Population, Space and Place citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Population, Space and Place. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deisseroth K. 2014. Circuit dynamics of adaptive and maladaptive behaviour. Nature 505: 309–317

A journal article with 2 authors

Taylor JR, Stocker R. 2012. Trade-offs of chemotactic foraging in turbulent water. Science (New York, N.Y.) 338: 675–679

A journal article with 3 authors

Sinsabaugh RL, Hill BH, Follstad Shah JJ. 2009. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment. Nature 462: 795–798

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liao H-I, Wu D-A, Halelamien N, Shimojo S. 2013. Cortical stimulation consolidates and reactivates visual experience: neural plasticity from magnetic entrainment of visual activity. Scientific reports 3: 2228

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Douglas J, Noy EA. 2010. Building Surveys and Reports. Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Friedman ES. 2014. Handbook of Depression: Second Edition (IM Anderson, ed.). Springer Healthcare Ltd.: Tarporley.

A chapter in an edited book

Ye E, Chee PL, Prasad A, Fang X, Owh C, Yeo VJJ, Loh XJ. 2015. Supramolecular Soft Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. In In-Situ Gelling Polymers: For Biomedical Applications, Loh XJ (ed.).Springer: Singapore; 107–125.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Population, Space and Place.

Blog post

Andrew D. 2017. The Curious Character Of Cats – And Whether They Are Really More Aloof. IFLScience Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-curious-character-of-cats-and-whether-they-are-really-more-aloof/ [Accessed 30 October 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Tax Systems Modernization: Comments on IRS’ Portion of President’s Request for Fiscal Year 1993 Supplemental Funds. T-IMTEC-93-1. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dashevsky-Kerdman I. 2009. The meeting of one hundred ways.Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hardy M. 2017. After Storm, Houston Hopes to Regain Tourism Momentum. New York Times: TR2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Deisseroth, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Taylor and Stocker, 2012; Deisseroth, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Taylor and Stocker, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Liao et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Population, Space and Place
Abbreviation	Popul. Space Place
ISSN (print)	1544-8444
ISSN (online)	1544-8452
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Demography