How to format your references using the Population, Space and Place citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Population, Space and Place. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Szoka F. 2008. Molecular biology. The art of assembly. Science (New York, N.Y.) 319: 578–579

A journal article with 2 authors

Shang Y, Brown M. 2002. Molecular determinants for the tissue specificity of SERMs. Science (New York, N.Y.) 295: 2465–2468

A journal article with 3 authors

Stajic J, Coontz R, Osborne I. 2011. Superconductivity. Happy 100th, superconductivity! Introduction. Science (New York, N.Y.) 332: 189

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Más P, Devlin PF, Panda S, Kay SA. 2000. Functional interaction of phytochrome B and cryptochrome 2. Nature 408: 207–211

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vinod HD, Reagle DP. 2004. Preparing for the Worst: Incorporating Downside Risk in Stock Market Investments. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ciobanu G, Păun G, Pérez-Jiménez MJ (eds). 2006. Applications of Membrane Computing. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Sion R, Tatemura J. 2011. Runtime Web-Service Workflow Optimization. In New Frontiers in Information and Software as Services: Service and Application Design Challenges in the Cloud, Agrawal D, , Candan KS, , Li W-S (eds).Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 112–131.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Population, Space and Place.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. Cities, Cyborgs And Social Science: How Will We Live In The Year 2065? IFLScience Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/cities-cyborgs-and-social-science-how-will-we-live-year-2065/ [Accessed 30 October 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1977. Claim of Raines High School for Advertisements Placed in the School Yearbook and Newspaper. B-187099-O.M. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramirez BN. 2012. Middle School English Language Learner Electronic Media Usage and Its Relationship to Reading.Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. 2008. A Builder of Broadway’s World, From ‘Chicago’ to ‘Spamalot’. New York Times: WE6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Szoka, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Shang and Brown, 2002; Szoka, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shang and Brown, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Más et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Population, Space and Place
Abbreviation	Popul. Space Place
ISSN (print)	1544-8444
ISSN (online)	1544-8452
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Demography