How to format your references using the Population Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Population Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thauer RK (2007) Microbiology. A fifth pathway of carbon fixation. Science 318:1732–1733

A journal article with 2 authors

Odorizzi PM, Wherry EJ (2013) Immunology. An interferon paradox. Science 340:155–156

A journal article with 3 authors

Lutz W, Kritzinger S, Skirbekk V (2006) Population. The demography of growing European identity. Science 314:425

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fomin YD, Ryzhov VN, Tsiok EN, et al (2014) Dynamic transition in supercritical iron. Sci Rep 4:7194

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

O’Malley C (2014) Bonds Without Borders. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Girbau J (2010) Stability by Linearization of Einstein’s Field Equation. Birkhäuser, Basel

A chapter in an edited book

Davidsson P, Ramstedt L, Törnquist J (2006) Inter-Organization Interoperability in Transport Chains Using Adapters Based on Open Source Freeware. In: Konstantas D, Bourrières J-P, Léonard M, Boudjlida N (eds) Interoperability of Enterprise Software and Applications. Springer, London, pp 35–42

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Population Ecology.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Does Kissing Really Create A Greater Risk Of Developing Mouth Cancer Than Smoking? In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Digital Television Transition: Information on the Implementation of the Converter Box Subsidy Program and Consumer Participation in the Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Linsenmeyer JP (2017) A Nice Place to Live and Work: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of a Residential Life Living-Learning Community and Employment Model at a Top-Tier Midwestern University. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ruprecht T (2010) High-School Redux. New York Times MM50

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thauer 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Thauer 2007; Odorizzi and Wherry 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Odorizzi and Wherry 2013)
Three or more authors: (Fomin et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Population Ecology
Abbreviation	Popul. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	1438-3896
ISSN (online)	1438-390X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics