How to format your references using the Population and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Population and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Siegel, J. S. (2012). Chemistry. Driving the formation of molecular knots. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6108), 752–753.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lincoln, T. A., & Joyce, G. F. (2009). Self-sustained replication of an RNA enzyme. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5918), 1229–1232.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ice, G. E., Budai, J. D., & Pang, J. W. L. (2011). The race to x-ray microbeam and nanobeam science. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6060), 1234–1239.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Carreira, S., Goodall, J., Aksan, I., La Rocca, S. A., Galibert, M.-D., Denat, L., et al. (2005). Mitf cooperates with Rb1 and activates p21Cip1 expression to regulate cell cycle progression. Nature, 433(7027), 764–769.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Koch, S. N., Torres, S. M. F., & Plumb, D. C. (2012). Canine and Feline Dermatology Drug Handbook. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,.

An edited book

Issar, G. (2016). Operational Excellence: A Concise Guide to Basic Concepts and Their Application. (L. R. Navon, Ed.) (1st ed. 2016.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Richardson, S., & Gilmour, N. (2016). Table. In N. Gilmour (Ed.), Intelligence and Security Oversight: An Annotated Bibliography and Comparative Analysis (pp. 13–19). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Population and Environment.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2017, February 1). ESO Release Incredible View Of The Cat’s Paw Nebula. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Issues Related to Determining How Best to Finance FAA (No. T-RCED-97-59). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soma, V. M. (2016). A particle filter methodology for salient object detection in videos (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson, M. (2017, September 5). Bernadette Peters To Join ‘Hello, Dolly!’ New York Times, p. C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Siegel 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Lincoln and Joyce 2009; Siegel 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lincoln and Joyce 2009)
Three or more authors: (Carreira et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Population and Environment
Abbreviation	Popul. Environ.
ISSN (print)	0199-0039
ISSN (online)	1573-7810
Scope	Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Demography

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