How to format your references using the Population and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Population and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Coleman, P. (2007). Physics. Watching electrons break up. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5829), 1290–1291.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim, B. H., & Kwon, J. W. (2014). Plasmon-assisted radiolytic energy conversion in aqueous solutions. Scientific reports, 4, 5249.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kicheva, A., Cohen, M., & Briscoe, J. (2012). Developmental pattern formation: insights from physics and biology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6104), 210–212.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhao, F., Bottjer, D. J., Hu, S., Yin, Z., & Zhu, M. (2013). Complexity and diversity of eyes in early Cambrian ecosystems. Scientific reports, 3, 2751.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Naini, F. B. (2011). Facial Aesthetics. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gasquet, O. (2014). Kripke’s Worlds: An Introduction to Modal Logics via Tableaux. (A. Herzig, B. Said, & F. Schwarzentruber, Eds.). Basel: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Provencher, M. T., Frank, R. F., Gross, D. J., & Golijanin, P. (2015). Glenoid. In G. I. Bain, E. Itoi, G. Di Giacomo, & H. Sugaya (Eds.), Normal and Pathological Anatomy of the Shoulder (pp. 35–45). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Population and Environment.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, February 19). Breast Milk Custom Formulated For Baby’s Gender. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/breast-milk-custom-formulated-baby’s-gender/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). SSA Initiatives to Identify Coaching (No. HEHS-96-96R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grasis, J. A. (2008). Controlling T lymphocyte activation with a molecular rheostat (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dynarski, S. (2014, June 14). Finding Shock Absorbers for Student Debt. New York Times, p. BU8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Coleman 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Coleman 2007; Kim and Kwon 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kim and Kwon 2014)
Three or more authors: (Zhao et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Population and Environment
Abbreviation	Popul. Environ.
ISSN (print)	0199-0039
ISSN (online)	1573-7810
Scope	Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Demography