How to format your references using the Plant Sociology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Plant Sociology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith R (2000) An end to violence. Nature 406: 567.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wynia MK, Gostin L (2002) Medicine. The bioterrorist threat and access to health care. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296: 1613.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim J-H, Yoneya M, Yokoyama H (2002) Tristable nematic liquid-crystal device using micropatterned surface alignment. Nature 420: 159–162.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim SV, Mehal WZ, Dong X, Heinrich V, Pypaert M, Mellman I, Dembo M, Mooseker MS, Wu D, Flavell RA (2006) Modulation of cell adhesion and motility in the immune system by Myo1f. Science (New York, N.Y.) 314: 136–139.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gramß T, Bornholdt S, Groß M, Mitchell M, Pellizzari T (2005) Non-Standard Computation. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Kassel S, Wu B (Eds) (2016) Software Engineering Education Going Agile: 11th China–Europe International Symposium on Software Engineering Education (CEISEE 2015). Springer International Publishing, Cham, XIII, 128 p. 24 illus., 23 illus. in color pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Yusoff MN, Jantan A (2011) A Framework for Optimizing Malware Classification by Using Genetic Algorithm. In: Zain JM, Wan Mohd WM bt, El-Qawasmeh E (Eds), Software Engineering and Computer Systems: Second International Conference, ICSECS 2011, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, June 27-29, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 58–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Plant Sociology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) “Perfect Lens” Breakthrough Could Turn Your Smartphone Into An Ultra-Powerful Microscope. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/perfect-lens-breakthrough-could-turn-your-smartphone-scanning-electron-microscope/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Aviation Security: Slow Progress in Addressing Long-Standing Screener Performance Problems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kress DM (2008) A phenomenological study exploring executive coaching: Understanding perceptions of self-awareness and leadership behavior changes. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2017) A Reverent Hush for Wimbledon’s Ads. New York Times: B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Smith 2000, Wynia and Gostin 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wynia and Gostin 2002)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Plant Sociology
ISSN (print)	2280-1855
ISSN (online)	2704-6192
Scope