How to format your references using the Phytopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Phytopathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston, D. 2008. Big data: Data wrangling. Nature 455:15.

A journal article with 2 authors

Geller, A. M., and Mathieu, R. D. 2011. A mass transfer origin for blue stragglers in NGC 188 as revealed by half-solar-mass companions. Nature 478:356–359.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hsu, M., Anen, C., and Quartz, S. R. 2008. The right and the good: distributive justice and neural encoding of equity and efficiency. Science 320:1092–1095.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang, Q., Zhang, H., Ma, G., Liao, Y., Tang, X., and Zhong, Z. 2014. Spectrum gaps of spin waves generated by interference in a uniform nanostripe waveguide. Sci. Rep. 4:5917.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sericola, B. 2013. Markov Chains. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Alho, J. M. 2005. Statistical Demography and Forecasting. ed. Bruce D. Spencer. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Johnson, M. E. 2007. Dual Sourcing Strategies. In Building Supply Chain Excellence in Emerging Economies, International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, eds. Hau L. Lee and Chung-Yee Lee. Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 113–133.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Phytopathology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2017. Octopuses Are Even More Amazing Than We Thought. IFLScience. (accessed 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2002. Information Technology: Enterprise Architecture Use Across the Federal Government Can Be Improved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bai, H. 2008. High Temperature Proton-Exchange and Fuel Processing Membranes for Fuel Cells and Other Applications. .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch, J. 2016. The Man Inside an Oiled Machine. New York Times D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Geller and Mathieu 2011; Goldston 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Geller and Mathieu 2011)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Phytopathology
Abbreviation	Phytopathology
ISSN (print)	0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Plant Science