How to format your references using the Phytopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Phytopathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mellars, P. 2011. Palaeoanthropology: the earliest modern humans in Europe. Nature 479:483–485.

A journal article with 2 authors

Witt, C. C., and Brumfield, R. T. 2004. Comment on “Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation” (I). Science 303:173; author reply 173.

A journal article with 3 authors

Caro, E., Castellano, M. M., and Gutierrez, C. 2007. A chromatin link that couples cell division to root epidermis patterning in Arabidopsis. Nature 447:213–217.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Baugh, J., Moussa, O., Ryan, C. A., Nayak, A., and Laflamme, R. 2005. Experimental implementation of heat-bath algorithmic cooling using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Nature 438:470–473.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwedt, G. 2013. Experimente rund um die Kunststoffe des Alltags. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Alam, T. 2014. Flow Boiling in Microgap Channels: Experiment, Visualization and Analysis. eds. Poh Seng Lee and Liwen Jin. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Strangeway, R. J. 2015. Auroral Kilometric Radiation as a Consequence of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. In Magnetospheric Plasma Physics: The Impact of Jim Dungey’s Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, eds. Stanley W. H. Cowley FRS, David Southwood, and Simon Mitton. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 85–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Phytopathology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. How We Found ‘Prehistoric Beaver’ That Helped Mammals Inherit Earth After Dinosaurs Were Wiped Out. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-we-found-prehistoric-beaver-helped-mammals-inherit-earth-after-dinosaurs-were/ (accessed 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. International Aviation: Implications of Ratifying the Montreal Aviation Protocols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rholdon, C. M. 2012. Analyzing Leadership Practices of Enrollment Management at Fletcher Technical Community College. .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dannenberg, L. 2007. In the Air on the Day the World Changed. New York Times C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mellars 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Mellars 2011; Witt and Brumfield 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Witt and Brumfield 2004)
Three or more authors: (Baugh et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Phytopathology
Abbreviation	Phytopathology
ISSN (print)	0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Plant Science