How to format your references using the Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gordon DM. Control without hierarchy. Nature 2007;446:143.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rose C, Wright G. Inscribed matter as an energy-efficient means of communication with an extraterrestrial civilization. Nature 2004;431:47–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Caraveo-Frescas JA, Khan MA, Alshareef HN. Polymer ferroelectric field-effect memory device with SnO channel layer exhibits record hole mobility. Sci Rep 2014;4:5243.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Batrakov K, Kuzhir P, Maksimenko S, Paddubskaya A, Voronovich S, Lambin P, et al. Flexible transparent graphene/polymer multilayers for efficient electromagnetic field absorption. Sci Rep 2014;4:7191.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Baldi P, Frasconi P, Smyth P. Modeling the Internet and the Web: Probabilistic Methods and Algorithms. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2002.

An edited book

[1]

Balthazar EJ, Megibow AJ, Pozzi Mucelli R, editors. Imaging of the Pancreas: Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Saad APBM, Syahrom A, Harun MN, Kadir MRA. Effect of Design Parameter Towards Wear Generation. In: Syahrom A, Harun MN, Kadir MRA, editors. Wear Prediction on Total Ankle Replacement: Effect of Design Parameters, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 43–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiotherapy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. A Bizarre Foam Blob Is Taking Over A Street In California — Here’s What’s Causing It. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Improved Implementation of Reform Law Is Critical to Better Manage Acquisitions and Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Chatterjee K. A probabilistic mechanistic approach for assessing the rupture frequency of small modular reactor steam generator tubes using uncertain inputs from in-service inspections. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Santora M, Weiser B. Charges That Bronx Man Tried to Join ISIS Show Shift in Terror Cases. New York Times 2016:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	Physiotherapy
ISSN (print)	0031-9406
Scope	Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation