How to format your references using the Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Shah R. Short-sighted move to close the 12-m telescope. Nature 2000;404:921.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Jin H-J, Kaplan DL. Mechanism of silk processing in insects and spiders. Nature 2003;424:1057–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Yang L, Garbe DS, Bashaw GJ. A frazzled/DCC-dependent transcriptional switch regulates midline axon guidance. Science 2009;324:944–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Day JJ, Upchurch P, Norman DB, Gale AS, Powell HP. Sauropod trackways, evolution, and behavior. Science 2002;296:1659.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Riehle F. Frequency Standards. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2003.

An edited book

[1]

Vahrenhold J, editor. Experimental Algorithms: 8th International Symposium, SEA 2009, Dortmund, Germany, June 4-6, 2009. Proceedings. vol. 5526. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Agarwal R, O’Regan D, Saker S. Halanay Inequalities. In: O’Regan D, Saker S, editors. Dynamic Inequalities On Time Scales, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 215–28.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiotherapy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. What Mongol History Predicts For The New Season Of Game of Thrones. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/what-mongol-history-predicts-new-season-game-thrones/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. More Emphasis Needed on Data Analysis Phase of Space Science Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Powers DL. Teachers’ perceptions of the effects of No Child Left Behind on classroom instruction: A cross case analysis applying Dewey’s theory of instructional methods. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Feeney K. Grown in New Jersey (Mostly). New York Times 2008:NJ8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	Physiotherapy
ISSN (print)	0031-9406
Scope	Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation