How to format your references using the Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Baker M. Cellular imaging: Taking a long, hard look. Nature 2010;466:1137–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lee S-J, Masliah E. Neurodegeneration: Aggregates feel the strain. Nature 2015;522:296–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Goda K, Tsia KK, Jalali B. Serial time-encoded amplified imaging for real-time observation of fast dynamic phenomena. Nature 2009;458:1145–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Carmi R, Polturak E, Koren G, Auerbach A. Spontaneous macroscopic magnetization at the superconducting transition temperature of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta). Nature 2000;404:853–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Sellars C. Risk Assessment in People with Learning Disabilities. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Erlebach T, Nikoletseas S, Orponen P, editors. Algorithms for Sensor Systems: 7th International Symposium on Algorithms for Sensor Systems, Wireless Ad Hoc Networks and Autonomous Mobile Entities, ALGOSENSORS 2011, Saarbrücken, Germany, September 8-9, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 7111. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sullivan P, Clarke D, Clarke B. Using Purposeful Representational Tasks. In: Clarke D, Clarke B, editors. Teaching with Tasks for Effective Mathematics Learning, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 23–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiotherapy.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. New Dinosaur Was Largest Known Terrestrial Predator Of The Jurassic. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Internal Revenue Service: Results of Review of IRS Spending for Business Systems Modernization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Alvarez C. Support groups for children of depressed parents: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Bogdanich W. The Sheriff’s War. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	Physiotherapy
ISSN (print)	0031-9406
Scope	Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation