How to format your references using the Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain, C., 2006. Handle with care. Nature 440, 990–991.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jahn, R., Fasshauer, D., 2012. Molecular machines governing exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Nature 490, 201–207.

A journal article with 3 authors

Teuten, E.L., Xu, L., Reddy, C.M., 2005. Two abundant bioaccumulated halogenated compounds are natural products. Science 307, 917–920.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Akcakaya, P., Bobbin, M.L., Guo, J.A., Malagon-Lopez, J., Clement, K., Garcia, S.P., Fellows, M.D., Porritt, M.J., Firth, M.A., Carreras, A., Baccega, T., Seeliger, F., Bjursell, M., Tsai, S.Q., Nguyen, N.T., Nitsch, R., Mayr, L.M., Pinello, L., Bohlooly-Y, M., Aryee, M.J., Maresca, M., Joung, J.K., 2018. In vivo CRISPR editing with no detectable genome-wide off-target mutations. Nature 561, 416–419.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Razik, H., 2013. Handbook of Asynchronous Machine with Variable Speed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Fellows, M., Tan, X., Zhu, B. (Eds.), 2013. Frontiers in Algorithmics and Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: Third Joint International Conference, FAW-AAIM 2013, Dalian, China, June 26-28, 2013. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Mundbrod, N., Kolb, J., Reichert, M., 2013. Towards a System Support of Collaborative Knowledge Work, in: Rosa, M.L., Soffer, P. (Eds.), Business Process Management Workshops: BPM 2012 International Workshops, Tallinn, Estonia, September 3, 2012. Revised Papers, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 31–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. What Is The Dark Web? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/what-dark-web/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1994. [Comments on Use of Frequent Flyer Credits] (No. B-256481). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Primeaux, S.J., 2014. The Role of Education, Empathy, and Psychological Flexibility in Implicit and Explicit Mental Health Stigma (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M., 1992. THE 1992 CAMPIAGN: Undeclared Candidate; Where Perot Exhibits A Lifetime of Memories. New York Times 18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macilwain, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012; Macilwain, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Akcakaya et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
Abbreviation	Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
ISSN (print)	0031-9201
Scope	Geophysics Space and Planetary Science Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) Astronomy and Astrophysics