How to format your references using the Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2004. The waiting game. Nature 428, 235.

A journal article with 2 authors

Meehl, G.A., Tebaldi, C., 2004. More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century. Science 305, 994–997.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pelechano, V., Wei, W., Steinmetz, L.M., 2013. Extensive transcriptional heterogeneity revealed by isoform profiling. Nature 497, 127–131.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Raphael, I., Mahesula, S., Purkar, A., Black, D., Catala, A., Gelfond, J.A.L., Forsthuber, T.G., Haskins, W.E., 2014. Microwave & magnetic (M2) proteomics reveals CNS-specific protein expression waves that precede clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci. Rep. 4, 6210.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Deichmann, U., 2005. Flüchten, Mitmachen, Vergessen. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Bognár, G., Tóth, T. (Eds.), 2014. Applied Information Science, Engineering and Technology: Selected Topics from the Field of Production Information Engineering and IT for Manufacturing: Theory and Practice, Topics in Intelligent Engineering and Informatics. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Lazarides, H.N., 2008. Concentration – Direct Osmotic Concentration of Liquid Foods, in: Vieira, M., Ho, P. (Eds.), Experiments in Unit Operations and Processing of Foods. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 41–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. Six Foods That Increase Or Decrease Your Risk Of Cancer [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/six-foods-that-increase-or-decrease-your-risk-of-cancer/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1999. Aviation: Issues Associated With the Theft of Stock Used to Create Airline Tickets (No. RCED-99-219). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ciolek, R., 2017. A Mixed Method Study on the Missouri Beginning Teachers Assistance Program and Teacher Retention in Saint Louis School Districts (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B., 2017. Rising Saudi Prince, 31, Advances to One Step From the Throne. New York Times A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Meehl and Tebaldi, 2004; Smaglik, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Meehl and Tebaldi, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Raphael et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
Abbreviation	Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
ISSN (print)	0031-9201
Scope	Geophysics Space and Planetary Science Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) Astronomy and Astrophysics