How to format your references using the Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weaire, D., 2013. Applied physics. A fresh start for foam physics. Science 340, 693–694.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bays, P.M., Husain, M., 2008. Dynamic shifts of limited working memory resources in human vision. Science 321, 851–854.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jeffery, W.R., Strickler, A.G., Yamamoto, Y., 2004. Migratory neural crest-like cells form body pigmentation in a urochordate embryo. Nature 431, 696–699.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Millgate, A.G., Pogson, B.J., Wilson, I.W., Kutchan, T.M., Zenk, M.H., Gerlach, W.L., Fist, A.J., Larkin, P.J., 2004. Analgesia: morphine-pathway block in top1 poppies. Nature 431, 413–414.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wubbolding, R.E., 2017. Reality Therapy and Self-Evaluation. American Counseling Association, Alexandria, VA.

An edited book

Cantoni, V., Dimov, D., Tistarelli, M. (Eds.), 2014. Biometric Authentication: First International Workshop, BIOMET 2014, Sofia, Bulgaria, June 23-24, 2014. Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

van Eck, W.H.J.M., Lenssen, J.P.M., van de Steeg, H.M., Blom, C.W.P.M., de Kroon, H., 2006. Seasonal dependent effects of flooding on plant species survival and zonation: a comparative study of 10 terrestrial grassland species, in: Leuven, R.S.E.W., Ragas, A.M.J., Smits, A.J.M., Velde, G. van der (Eds.), Living Rivers: Trends and Challenges in Science and Management. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 59–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Male Black Widows Wreck Females’ Webs To Make Them Less Attractive [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/male-black-widows-wreck-females-webs-make-them-less-attractive/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1993. NASA: Major Challenges for Management (No. T-NSIAD-94-18). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Xiong, Y., 2008. Immuno-Magnetic T Cell Depletion for Allogeneic Hematological Stem Cell Transplantation (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B., 2017. Powerful or Offensive? Ramadan Ad Depicting Would-Be Terrorist Proves Divisive. New York Times A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Weaire, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Bays and Husain, 2008; Weaire, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bays and Husain, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Millgate et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
Abbreviation	Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
ISSN (print)	0031-9201
Scope	Geophysics Space and Planetary Science Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) Astronomy and Astrophysics