How to format your references using the Physical Review Fluids citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physical Review Fluids. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Ball, Crisis response: The new history, Nature 480, 447 (2011).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

G. Smith and J. Yard, Quantum communication with zero-capacity channels, Science 321, 1812 (2008).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

R. Benton, K. S. Vannice, and L. B. Vosshall, An essential role for a CD36-related receptor in pheromone detection in Drosophila, Nature 450, 289 (2007).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. H. Kim, H. R. Woo, J. Kim, P. O. Lim, I. C. Lee, S. H. Choi, D. Hwang, and H. G. Nam, Trifurcate feed-forward regulation of age-dependent cell death involving miR164 in Arabidopsis, Science 323, 1053 (2009).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Levy, Practical Diabetes Care (Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011).

An edited book

[1]

S. K. Kwan, J. C. Spohrer, and Y. Sawatani, editors , Global Perspectives on Service Science: Japan (Springer, New York, NY, 2016).

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H. G. Schaathun and G. D. Cohen, A Trellis-Based Bound on (2,1)-Separating Codes, in Cryptography and Coding: 10th IMA International Conference, Cirencester, UK, December 19-21, 2005. Proceedings, edited by N. P. Smart (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005), pp. 59–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physical Review Fluids.

Blog post

[1]

A. Carpineti, Why Are The Cassini Pictures Starless?, https://www.iflscience.com/space/why-are-the-cassini-pictures-starless/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Federal Research and Development Budget, No. 094379, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. F. Krau, A Case Study of Congregational Design and Implementation of Adult Christian Education, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. M. Nir and J. Surico, Three Shots and an Officer Down: Gripping Testimony in Queens, New York Times A21 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physical Review Fluids
ISSN (online)	2469-990X
Scope