How to format your references using the Physical Review B citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physical Review B. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

¹ M.R. Nelson, “Computer science. Building an open Cloud,” Science 324(5935), 1656–1657 (2009).

A journal article with 2 authors

¹ J. Baum, and A.F. Cowman, “Biochemistry. Revealing a parasite’s invasive trick,” Science 333(6041), 410–411 (2011).

A journal article with 3 authors

¹ H.-W. Hwang, E.A. Wentzel, and J.T. Mendell, “A hexanucleotide element directs microRNA nuclear import,” Science 315(5808), 97–100 (2007).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

¹ J. Raber, D. Wong, G.Q. Yu, M. Buttini, R.W. Mahley, R.E. Pitas, and L. Mucke, “Apolipoprotein E and cognitive performance,” Nature 404(6776), 352–354 (2000).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

¹ L.S. da Silva, R. Simões, and H. Gervásio, Design of Steel Structures (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2016).

An edited book

¹ K.-H. Glaβmeier, Geomagnetic Field Variations (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009).

A chapter in an edited book

¹ M.R. Barnett, “Three Decades of Electron Backscatter Diffraction of Magnesium: What Has It Taught Us?,” in Magnesium Technology 2015, edited by M.V. Manuel, A. Singh, M. Alderman, and N.R. Neelameggham, (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016), pp. 13–13.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physical Review B.

Blog post

¹ S. Luntz, “Sensing Gravity With Acid,” IFLScience, (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

¹ Government Accountability Office, Federal Chief Information Officers: Opportunities Exist to Improve Role in Information Technology Management (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2011).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

¹ S. Popoveniuc, A Framework for Secure Mixnet-Based Electronic Voting, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

¹ S. Kishkovsky, “Hermitage Is Reeling From Loss Of Artworks,” New York Times, E1 (2006).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Physical Review B
Abbreviation	Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
ISSN (print)	1098-0121
ISSN (online)	1550-235x
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics