How to format your references using the Photosynthesis Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photosynthesis Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lucas R (2010) Journal club. A neuroscientist explores the network of cells in the retina. Nature 464:11

A journal article with 2 authors

Lutter CK, Lutter R (2012) Fetal and early childhood undernutrition, mortality, and lifelong health. Science 337:1495–1499

A journal article with 3 authors

Reinhardt K, Dowling DK, Morrow EH (2013) Medicine. Mitochondrial replacement, evolution, and the clinic. Science 341:1345–1346

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Pennekamp F, Pontarp M, Tabi A, et al (2018) Biodiversity increases and decreases ecosystem stability. Nature 563:109–112

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benitez M, Davidson J, Flaxman L (2009) Small Schools, Big Ideas. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA

An edited book

Landsman K, van Wolde E (eds) (2016) The Challenge of Chance: A Multidisciplinary Approach from Science and the Humanities. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Silva S, Tavares P (2016) Capital Control Over Higher Education. In: Leher R, Accioly I (eds) Commodifying Education: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Financialization of Education Policies in Brazil. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 83–105

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photosynthesis Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) One Last Look At Saturn’s Moon Dione. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Department of Homeland Security: Oversight and Coordination of Research and Development Should Be Strengthened. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vianna MH (2015) An exploration of the factors that influence Brazilian students’ fluency of English: A case study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Collier; Sophia Collier is the president of the American Natural Beverage Corporation (1988) STREET SMARTS. New York Times 674

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lucas 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Lucas 2010; Lutter and Lutter 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lutter and Lutter 2012)
Three or more authors: (Pennekamp et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Photosynthesis Research
Abbreviation	Photosynth. Res.
ISSN (print)	0166-8595
ISSN (online)	1573-5079
Scope	Plant Science Biochemistry Cell Biology General Medicine