How to format your references using the Philosophies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Balescu, R. Obituary: Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003). Nature 2003, 424, 30.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lee, S.S.-J.; Mudaliar, A. Medicine. Racing Forward: The Genomics and Personalized Medicine Act. Science 2009, 323, 342.

A journal article with 3 authors

Supèr, H.; Spekreijse, H.; Lamme, V.A. A Neural Correlate of Working Memory in the Monkey Primary Visual Cortex. Science 2001, 293, 120–124.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Martins, F.; Faniel, S.; Rosenow, B.; Sellier, H.; Huant, S.; Pala, M.G.; Desplanque, L.; Wallart, X.; Bayot, V.; Hackens, B. Coherent Tunnelling across a Quantum Point Contact in the Quantum Hall Regime. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1416.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bertolini, L.; Elsener, B.; Pedeferri, P.; Polder, R.B. Corrosion of Steel in Concrete; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, FRG, 2003; ISBN 9783527603374.

An edited book

Atlas of Implantable Therapies for Pain Management; Deer, T.R., Pope, J.E., Eds.; 2nd ed. 2016.; Springer: New York, NY, 2016; ISBN 9781493921096.

A chapter in an edited book

Kano, M.; Yamashita, Y.; Kugemoto, H. Shape-Based Stiction Detection. In Detection and Diagnosis of Stiction in Control Loops: State of the Art and Advanced Methods; Jelali, M., Huang, B., Eds.; Advances in Industrial Control; Springer: London, 2010; pp. 103–113 ISBN 9781848827745.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. What If It Happened Again? What We Need To Do To Prepare For A Nuclear Event Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-if-it-happened-again-what-we-need-do-prepare-nuclear-event/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Health Care Access: Programs for Underserved Populations Could Be Improved; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2000;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McKinney, S. An Analysis of the Influence of No Child Left Behind and Arizona Learns on Middle -School Principal Leadership Behaviors and Responsibilities. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona: Tucson, AZ, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. Environmental Lawyer to Head Planning Board. New York Times 2006, LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophies
ISSN (online)	2409-9287
Scope