How to format your references using the Philosophies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith, C. Genomics: SNPs and Human Disease. Nature 2005, 435, 993.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kronenberg, M.; Havran, W.L. Immunology: Oiling the Wheels of Autoimmunity. Nature 2014, 506, 42–43.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kennedy, H.J.; Crawford, A.C.; Fettiplace, R. Force Generation by Mammalian Hair Bundles Supports a Role in Cochlear Amplification. Nature 2005, 433, 880–883.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zheng, Q.; Jiao, N.; Zhang, R.; Chen, F.; Suttle, C.A. Prevalence of PsbA-Containing Cyanobacterial Podoviruses in the Ocean. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3207.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sab, K.; Lebée, A. Homogenization of Heterogeneous Thin and Thick Plates; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2015; ISBN 9781119005247.

An edited book

Network Economics for Next Generation Networks: 6th International Workshop on Internet Charging and Qos Technologies, ICQT 2009, Aachen, Germany, May 11-15, 2009. Proceedings; Reichl, P., Stiller, B., Tuffin, B., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009; Vol. 5539; ISBN 9783642017957.

A chapter in an edited book

Bunyaan, S.A.; Tan, S.I.; Loo, Y.M. Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement: A Study Among Students of a Private University in Malaysia. In Taylor’s 7th Teaching and Learning Conference 2014 Proceedings: Holistic Education: Enacting Change; Tang, S.F., Logonnathan, L., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 2015; pp. 55–66 ISBN 9789812873989.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophies.

Blog post

Davis, J. London Has Issued A Toxic Air Alert Over High Levels Of Pollution Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/london-has-issued-a-toxic-air-alert-over-high-levels-of-pollution/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Highway Safety: Have Automobile Weight Reductions Increased Highway Fatalities?; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1991;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powers, D.L. Teachers’ Perceptions of the Effects of No Child Left Behind on Classroom Instruction: A Cross Case Analysis Applying Dewey’s Theory of Instructional Methods. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Welles, L.; Leland, J. Coney Island, Ever Changing. New York Times 2017, MB7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophies
ISSN (online)	2409-9287
Scope