How to format your references using the Philosophies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lessler, J. Immunology. Charting the Life-Course Epidemiology of Influenza. Science 2014, 346, 919–920.

A journal article with 2 authors

Perry, B.; Sones, K. Science for Development. Poverty Reduction through Animal Health. Science 2007, 315, 333–334.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jablonski, D.; Roy, K.; Valentine, J.W. Out of the Tropics: Evolutionary Dynamics of the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient. Science 2006, 314, 102–106.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sebastiani, P.; Solovieff, N.; Puca, A.; Hartley, S.W.; Melista, E.; Andersen, S.; Dworkis, D.A.; Wilk, J.B.; Myers, R.H.; Steinberg, M.H.; et al. Retraction. Science 2011, 333, 404.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, P. Structural Design of Buildings; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2016; ISBN 9781118839393.

An edited book

Computing with Instinct: Rediscovering Artificial Intelligence; Cai, Y., Ed.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; Vol. 5897; ISBN 9783642197567.

A chapter in an edited book

Kukushkin, N.S. Cournot Tatonnement in Aggregative Games with Monotone Best Responses. In Equilibrium Theory for Cournot Oligopolies and Related Games: Essays in Honour of Koji Okuguchi; von Mouche, P., Quartieri, F., Eds.; Springer Series in Game Theory; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 31–45 ISBN 9783319292533.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophies.

Blog post

Andrew, D. We’ve Been Wrong About The Origins Of Life For 90 Years (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Challenges and Problems in the Evaluation of Government Programs; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1973;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brown, C.P. Range vs. Register: An Important Distinction in Choral Repertoire for the Adolescent Male. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona: Tucson, AZ, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rojas, R. Brooklyn Heroin Ring Shut Down, Officials Say; 25 Are Charged. New York Times 2015, A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophies
ISSN (online)	2409-9287
Scope