How to format your references using the Philosophical Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophical Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Komar, A. A. (2007). Genetics. SNPs, silent but not invisible. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5811), 466–467.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wain-Hobson, S., & Weiss, R. A. (2000). If free speech costs lives that’s a high price to pay. Nature, 407(6806), 834.

A journal article with 3 authors

Anuar, T. S., Salleh, F. M., & Moktar, N. (2014). Soil-transmitted helminth infections and associated risk factors in three Orang Asli tribes in Peninsular Malaysia. Scientific reports, 4, 4101.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Banerjee, C., Singh, A., Das, T. K., Raman, R., Shrivastava, A., & Mazumder, S. (2014). Ameliorating ER-stress attenuates Aeromonas hydrophila-induced mitochondrial dysfunctioning and caspase mediated HKM apoptosis in Clarias batrachus. Scientific reports, 4, 5820.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Harrington, P. J. (2010). Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry for Synthesis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Doursat, R., Sayama, H., & Michel, O. (Eds.). (2012). Morphogenetic Engineering: Toward Programmable Complex Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Champaign, J., Zhang, J., & Cohen, R. (2011). Coping with Poor Advice from Peers in Peer-Based Intelligent Tutoring: The Case of Avoiding Bad Annotations of Learning Objects. In J. A. Konstan, R. Conejo, J. L. Marzo, & N. Oliver (Eds.), User Modeling, Adaption and Personalization: 19th International Conference, UMAP 2011, Girona, Spain, July 11-15, 2011. Proceedings (pp. 38–49). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophical Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, September 5). The Arrival Of Animals Triggered Earth’s First Mass Extinction. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/animal-arrival-triggered-earths-first-mass-extinction/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). Information Management: Issues Important to Farmers Home Administration Systems Modernization (No. IMTEC-89-64). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zatolokin, A. (2015). Stylistic approaches for oboists in the operatic works of J. Hasse (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, September 5). Bustling Booth Becomes Waypoint In Ashe’s Legacy. New York Times, p. SP7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Komar 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Komar 2007; Wain-Hobson and Weiss 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wain-Hobson and Weiss 2000)
Three or more authors: (Banerjee et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophical Studies
Abbreviation	Philos. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0031-8116
ISSN (online)	1573-0883
Scope	Philosophy