How to format your references using the Philosophical Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophical Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Owens, B. (2013). Obesity: heavy sleepers. Nature, 497(7450), S8-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bergman, R., & Swenson, J. (2000). Dynamics of supercooled water in confined geometry. Nature, 403(6767), 283–286.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reyners, M., Eberhart-Phillips, D., & Stuart, G. (2007). The role of fluids in lower-crustal earthquakes near continental rifts. Nature, 446(7139), 1075–1078.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Strom, R. G., Chapman, C. R., Merline, W. J., Solomon, S. C., & Head, J. W., 3rd. (2008). Mercury cratering record viewed from MESSENGER’s first flyby. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5885), 79–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Huzurbazar, A. V. (2004). Flowgraph Models for Multistate Time-to-Event Data: Huzurbazar/Flowgraph Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Follesdal, A., & Pogge, T. (Eds.). (2005). Real World Justice: Grounds, Principles, Human Rights, and Social Institutions (Vol. 1). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Ngah, R., Salleh, Z., & Mamat, W. I. W. (2016). Entrepreneurs’ Innovativeness Based on Emotional Intelligence (EI) Competencies Towards Entrepreneurial Success. In N. Z. Mohd Sidek, S. M. Ali, & M. Ismail (Eds.), Proceedings of the ASEAN Entrepreneurship Conference 2014 (pp. 49–55). Singapore: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophical Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, October 3). What Do Sugar And Climate Change Have In Common? Misplaced Scepticism Of The Science. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1984). Query Concerning FY 1985 Authorization Levels for Department of Education Programs (No. B-214456). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shibata, C. L. (2017). Building positive body image in adolescent girls: An evaluation of a body image prevention program (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis, J. (2017, October 29). Her Peers Made School Look Easy. With Hard Work, She’s Catching Up. New York Times, p. A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Owens 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Bergman and Swenson 2000; Owens 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bergman and Swenson 2000)
Three or more authors: (Strom et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophical Studies
Abbreviation	Philos. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0031-8116
ISSN (online)	1573-0883
Scope	Philosophy