How to format your references using the Philosophical Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophical Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clausen, J. (2009). Man, machine and in between. Nature, 457(7233), 1080–1081.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sekido, R., & Lovell-Badge, R. (2008). Sex determination involves synergistic action of SRY and SF1 on a specific Sox9 enhancer. Nature, 453(7197), 930–934.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, F., Chen, X., & Vitousek, P. (2013). Chinese agriculture: An experiment for the world. Nature, 497(7447), 33–35.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ma, D. K., Jang, M.-H., Guo, J. U., Kitabatake, Y., Chang, M.-L., Pow-Anpongkul, N., et al. (2009). Neuronal activity-induced Gadd45b promotes epigenetic DNA demethylation and adult neurogenesis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5917), 1074–1077.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vignes, A. (2013). Extractive Metallurgy 2. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Abdalla, M., & Prisco, R. D. (Eds.). (2014). Security and Cryptography for Networks: 9th International Conference, SCN 2014, Amalfi, Italy, September 3-5, 2014. Proceedings (Vol. 8642). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Sendín, M., & Lorés, J. (2006). Remote Support to Plastic User Interfaces: a Semantic View. In R. Navarro-Prieto & J. L. Vidal (Eds.), HCI related papers of Interacción 2004 (pp. 55–70). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophical Studies.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, October 21). Global Wine Production Is Collapsing Thanks To Climate Change. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Stafford Student Loans: Prompt Payment of Origination Fees Could Reduce Costs (No. HRD-92-61). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beahm, A. C. (2009). The political ecology of tourism development in the Ecuadorian Amazon (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J. (2016, October 7). Gloria Steinem Never Stops. New York Times, p. MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clausen 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Clausen 2009; Sekido and Lovell-Badge 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sekido and Lovell-Badge 2008)
Three or more authors: (Ma et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophical Studies
Abbreviation	Philos. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0031-8116
ISSN (online)	1573-0883
Scope	Philosophy